1112 



EMBOTHRIUM 



ENCELIA 



oblong to elliptic, short-stalked, alternate, obtuse and 

 mucronate, pale beneath. Chile. B.M. 4856. Should 

 be hardy in warm-temperate parts. 



EMILIA (perhaps a personal name). Compdsitse. 

 Flower-garden herbs, perennial or annual, with orange 

 or scarlet bloom. 



Related to Senecio (to which some authors refer it), 

 but always without rays: heads rather small, the invo- 

 lucre very simple and cup-shaped, with no small outer 

 scales; style-branches long or short: achenes with 5 

 acute ciliate angles: florets all perfect. A dozen or 

 more species have been described from warm parts of 

 Afr., Asia to China, Polynesia and Amer. One species 

 in common cult. 



flammea, Cass. (E. sagittate, DC. E. sonchifolia, 

 Hort., not DC. E. sonchifolia, Linn., var. sagittata, 

 Clarke. Cacalia cocdnea, Sims, B.M. 564. C. sonchi- 

 folia, Hort., not Linn. C. sagittata, Vahl. Senecio sagil- 

 tdtus, Hoffm.). TASSEL- FLOWER. FLORA'S PAINT- 

 BRUSH. A neat annual, erect, 1-2 ft., glabrous or 

 sparsely hairy, the long sts. terminated by clusters of 

 small scarlet (golden yellow in the form called Cacalia 

 lutea, Hort.) heads: Ivs. lance-oblong or ovate-lanceo- 

 late, clasping the st., remotely crenate-dentate: in- 

 volucre-scales much shorter than the florets. Probably 

 tropics of New World. H.F. 7:50. This much- 

 named annual is one of the commonest garden fls. 

 It is of the easiest cult, in any good soil. Blooms 

 from July until frost, if sown as soon as weather is 

 settled. Two species are sometimes recognized in this 

 variable group, E. sagittata, DC., with involucre 

 shorter than the fls., and E. sonchifolia, DC., involucre 

 as long as the fls. 



E. purpiirea, Cass. (E. sonr.hifolia, DC., not Hort. Cacalia son- 

 chifolia, Linn. Senecio sonchifolius, Moench). Radical Ivs. often 

 more or less lyrate, st.-lvs. broader and clasping, the heads fewer 

 in the cluster and the involucre-scales nearly as long as the florets. 

 Apparently not in cult, in this country. T TT R 



EMMENANTHE (Greek, enduring flower; the per- 

 sistent corollas retain their shape when dry). Hydro- 

 phyllacese. A half-dozen low annual herbs from western 

 North America, of which the most interesting species 

 was introduced to cultivation in 1892, under the name 

 of California yellow- or golden-bells. 



Diffuse, depressed or erect: Ivs. mostly alternate: 

 fls. yellow or cream-color, the corolla campanulate 

 and persistent; corolla-lobes 5; stamens 5; style 2-cut. 

 The species named below belongs to a section of the 

 genus, with calyx-lobes broader downward, and coarsely 



Eitted seeds. All the others have the calyx-lobes 

 reader upward and the seeds more or less wrinkled 

 transversely. 



penduliflora, Benth. CALIFORNIA YELLOW- or 

 GOLDEN-BELLS. Somewhat sticky, with long or short 

 soft hairs: Ivs. pinnatifid, lobes numerous, short, some- 

 what toothed or sharply cut: ovules about 16; seeds 

 1 line long. Calif. G.C. III. 11:339. It grows 9-12 

 in. high, forming bushy plants, each branch loaded 

 with broadly bell-shaped, pendulous, un wither ing fls., 

 about J^in. long, of creamy yellow. The general effect 

 of a branch suggests the lily-of-the-valley, but the 

 foliage is pinnatifid. WILHELM MILLER. 



EMMENOPTERYS (Greek, persistent, and wing; 

 referring to the wing-like calyx-lobe, persistent on the 

 fruit). Rubiacese. Ornamental tree grown for its large 

 leaves and the handsome flowers. 



Deciduous: Ivs. opposite, petioled, with caducous 

 stipules, entire: fls. in many-fld. terminal panicles; 

 calyx small, 5-parted, deciduous, in some fls. 1 lobe 

 leafy and changed into a petioled, oblong, obtuse 

 whitish If. persistent on the fr.; corolla campanulate- 

 funnelform, tomentulose outside, with a narrow tube 

 and 5 ovate lobes pubescent inside; stamens 5, included; 

 ovary inferior, 2-celled; style filiform, not exceeding 



the stamens: fr. a spindle-shaped 2-celled caps., with 

 numerous irregularly winged seeds. One species in 

 Cent. China. A tall tree, with large elliptic Ivs. and 

 showy yellow fls. in many-fld. dense terminal panicles. 

 It will succeed in warmer temperate regions only and is 

 yet little known in cult., as it has been only recently 

 intro. Prop, is by seeds and possibly by softwood 

 cuttings under glass. 



Henryi, Oliver. Tree, to 40 ft., quite glabrous: Ivs. 

 chartaceous, elliptic, acute, cuneate at the base, entire, 

 4-6 in. long; petiole 1-2 in. long: fls. in many-fld. 

 panicles, yellow, about 1 in. long: caps, spindle-shaped, 

 about 194 in. long, often at the apex with a persistent 

 enlarged wing-like calyx-lobe 1K~2 in. long on a petiole 

 of equal length. Cent. China. H.I. 19:1823. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



EMPETRUM (Greek, en, in, petros, rock; growing 

 often on rocks). Empetracese. CROWBERRY. Ornamental 

 low shrubs sometimes grown for the evergreen foliage 

 and attractive fruits. 



Leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, thick: fls. dioecious or 

 monoscious, axillary, 1-3, nearly sessile; sepals and 

 petals 3; stamens 3, exserted; ovary superior, 6-9- 

 celled with as many stigmas on a short and thick style: 

 fr. a 6-9-seeded drupe. Five species through the 

 northern hemisphere in mountainous and arctic regions, 

 also in Chile, antarctic Amer. and Tristan da Cunha. 



The crowberries are hardy, evergreen, densely 

 branched, prostrate or creeping, heath-like shrubs, with 

 small, crowded leaves, inconspicuous purplish flowers, 

 and globose, red or black, edible berries. They grow 

 best in moist, sandy or peaty soil, and are especially 

 handsome for rockeries. Propagated usually by cuttings 

 of nearly ripened wood in late summer under glass. 



A. Branchlets and margin of expanding Ivs. glandular, the 

 latter not tomentose. 



nigrum, Linn. Lvs. linear to linear-oblong, divergent, 

 soon reflexed, glabrous or nearly so, entire, K~M m - 

 long: fls. purplish: fr. black, about Kin. diam. April, 

 May; fr. in Aug., Sept. N. Eu., N. Asia., in N. Arner. 

 south to N. H., N. Y., Mich, and N. Calif. B.B. (ed. 

 2) 2:479. S.E.F. 8:1251. 



AA. Branchlets and margins of expanding Ivs. white- 

 tomentose. 



atropurpfcreum, Fern. & Wiegand (E. nigrum var. 

 andlnum, Fern., not E. andlnum, Philippi. E. nigrum 

 var. purpiireum, Auth., not DC.). Trailing: Ivs. linear- 

 oblong, soon loosely divergent, rarely becoming re- 

 flexed, those of the leading shoots %-%m. long: fr. 

 red to purplish black, opaque, if-J^in. across. Gulf 

 St. Lawrence to Maine and N. H. 



Eamesii, Fern. & Wiegand (E. nigrum var. purpii- 

 reum, Auth., not DC. E. rubrum, La Pylaie, not Vahl). 

 Lys. linear - oblong, crowded, ascending, becoming 

 slightly divergent, those of the leading shoots %in. or 

 less long: fr. pink or light red, becoming translucent, 

 fsin. or less across. S. Labrador, Newfoundland, E. 

 Que. Very handsome in fruit. 



E. rubrum, ..Vahl (E. nigrum var. rubrum, DC.). Closely related 

 to E. Eamesii. Lvs. less crowded, spreading, somewhat larger. 

 Antarctic Amer., Tristan da Cunha. B.R. 1783. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



ENCELIA (Christopher Encel in 1577 wrote a book 

 on oak galls). Composite. Herbs or sub-shrubs, one or 

 two of which have been sparingly introduced for 

 planting in the southern parts of the United States. 



Rather showy plants with mostly yellow-rayed 

 naked-stalked heads (rays now and then absent), and 

 yellow or brownish disk: Ivs. alternate or opposite, 

 entire, toothed or lobed, often white-tomentose: rays 

 neutral, disk-fls. perfect; pappus none or an awn or 

 scale for each margin or angle of the achene. About 

 30 species, Utah and Calif, to Chile. 



