ENCELIA 



ENCEPHALARTOS 



1113 



calif ornica, Nutt. Woody at base, 2-4 ft. high, 

 strong-scented, rather hoary, or becoming green: Ivs. 

 1-2 in. long, ovate to broadly lanceolate, usually entire, 

 indistinctly 3-ribbed from the base, abruptly stalked: 

 heads 2j^ in. across, the golden yellow rays numerous, 

 2-4-toothed: seeds obovate, with long, silky hairs on 

 the callous margins and a shallow notch at the tip. 

 Calif., Ariz. 



adenophora, Greenm. Stout almost woody herb, 3-6 

 ft., sometimes 10 ft., glandular-hairy throughout: lower 

 Ivs. opposite, stalked, ovate or deltoid, 2J4-4 in. long, 

 3-nerved; upper Ivs. gradually smaller: fls. cymose, the 

 rays pale yellow, sometimes tinged with orange. 

 Autumn. N. Mex. Not hardy north of Washington, 



D.C. N. TAYLOR.f 



ENCEPHALARTOS (Greek combination, alluding 

 to the bread-like interior of the trunk). Cycadacese. 

 Excellent cycads from tropical and southern Africa, 

 grown chiefly for their evergreen foliage. 



The species are probably 20 or more, allied to Dioon 

 and Macrozamia; with Stangeria, they constitute the 

 peculiarly African representatives of the family. They 

 are trees with stout cylindrical often fleshy trunks, and a 

 terminal crown of stiff mostly spiny pinnate long Ivs. or 

 fronds: fls. dioecious, in cones; staminate cone 

 oblong, ovoid or cylindrical, the scales in many 

 series, imbricate, thick and often rough, broadly 

 or elongate-cuneate, with anthers on the under 

 surface; pistillate cone ellipsoid or oblong, 

 thick, the scales numerous in many series and 

 imbricated, peltate, with the ovule beneath. 

 For differences between this and related gen- 

 era, see Vol. I, p. 120. From Dioon it is 

 distinguished by its pinnate rather than pin- 

 natifid Ivs., and from Cycas by straight rather 

 than eircinnate segms. in vernation, as well as 

 by technical features of cones. These plants 

 are specially suited for large conservatories, the 

 fronds being not easily injured. They should 

 succeed outdoors S. The trunks of some kinds 

 grow only a few inches in many years. Most kinds prefer 

 a sunny, tropical house, but E. brachyphyllus and per- 

 haps others may be grown in a cool greenhouse if kept 

 a little dry in winter. The cones are always interesting 

 and often very decorative. Those of E. villosus are 

 twice as large as a pineapple, orange-yellow, half 

 revealing the scarlet frs. They are prop, by seeds; also 

 by offsets or suckers. Some other cycads frequently 

 produce seed in conservatories, but Encephalartos 

 seldom does, and plants are, therefore, usually imported. 

 Dry trunks,, weighing frequently 50-75 Ibs. have been 

 received from S. Afr. They often remain dormant for 

 a year or more, and do not make ornamental speci- 

 mens for two or more years. They are slow-growing, 

 except in very warm houses. They like a strong, loamy 

 soil. While making new growth they need plenty of 

 water. See Cycas. 



The woolliness of the stem and leaf-segments varies 

 with the age of the plants and of the leaves. The pith 

 and central portion of the cones of some species form 

 an article of food among the Kafirs, hence the com- 

 mon name of Kafir bread. The most widely known 

 species in cultivation are E. villosus, E. Altensteinii and 

 E. pungens. Though very handsome cyads, they are 

 by no means popular. They require much room for 

 best results. 



In the following descriptions "rachis" refers to the 

 midrib of the leaf on which the leaflets or segments are 

 borne, and "petiole" means the part of the leaf below 

 where the leaflets begin. 



A. Lfts. toothed (sometimes entire in the first). 

 B. Petiole 4-angled: foliage glaucous, 



h6rridus, Lehm. Trunk short and stout, woolly or not: 

 Ivs. to 6 ft., reflexed at top; Ifts. opposite or alternate, 



lanceolate, mostly entire, sometimes toothed, with a 

 sharp spine at the apex. Var. glauca, is presumably 

 more glaucous than the type. B.M. 5371. There is a 

 var. trispinosus. 



BB. Petiole sub-cylindrical: foliage not glaucous. 



Altensteinii, Lehm. Trunk stout, not woolly: Ivs. 

 2-6 ft.; Ifts. about 6 in. long and 1 in. broad, oblong- 

 acuminate, paler beneath, edges and apex spiny; 

 petioles swollen at base; Ifts. mostly opposite, lanceo- 

 late. B.M. 7162-3. G.C. II. 6:392, 393, 397; III. 

 2:281; 12:489-493; 40:206 (showing a specimen in 

 Cape Colony over 100 years old, with a high trunk and 

 an offshoot over half way up). G. 7:516. 



villdsus, Lehm. Trunk short and thick, woolly and 

 scaly, 6 ft.: Ivs. to 6 ft.; Ifts. very numerous, opposite 

 or alternate, linear-lanceolate, spiny-toothed and 

 pointed. B.M. 6654. R.H. 1897:36. 'G.C. II. 1:513; 

 3:400; 7:21; 13:181. 



1394. Encephalartos cycadifolius. 



AA. Lfts. not toothed (except in young Ivs. of the last one). 

 B. Foliage glaucous. 



Lehmannii, Lehm. (Cycas Lehmannii, Hort.). Trunk 

 not woolly: rachis and petiole obtusely 4-angled; 

 Ifts. nearly opposite, narrowly or broadly lanceolate, 

 to 7 in. long, rarely 1-toothed, with brown spine at 

 apex. Gt. 1865:477. 



BB. Foliage not glaucous. 

 c. Apex of Ifts. mostly obtuse, pointless. 



longifdlius, Lehm. Trunk not woolly, at length 

 tall: rachis and petiole 4-cornered but flatfish above; 

 lowest Ifts. often 1-3-tpothed, margin somewhat revo- 

 lute: wool soon vanishing from the rachis and Ifts. S. 

 Afr. G.W. 5, p. 404. Var. revoliitus, Miq., has the 

 margins more distinctly revolute. Var. angustifolius 

 has narrower, flat Ifts. Var. Hodkeri, DC., has narrowly 

 lanceolate Ifts., not glaucous but intense green, and 

 rachis not woolly. B.M. 4903, erroneously named E. 

 caffer, is referred to this place, though the Ifts. are 

 distinctly pointed in the picture. 



cc. Apex of Ifts. always strong-pointed. 



D. Form of Ifts. linear. 



cycadiffilius, Lehm. (E. Friderici-Guilielmi, Lehm. 

 E. cycadifolius var. Friderici-Guilielmi, Rod.). Fig. 

 1394. Trunk nearly globular, several inches in diam., 

 woolly at first: rachis and petiole ashy-pubescent; 



