1114 



ENCEPHALARTOS 



ENDIVE 



Ifts. opposite and alternate, linear, margin revolute. 

 I.H. 29:459. G.F. 4:209 (adapted in Fig. 1394). G.W. 

 10, p. 377 (as E. cycadifolius var. Friderici-Guilielmi) . 

 pungens, Lehm. (Zamia ptingens, Ait.). Rachis 

 and petiole glabrous; Ifts. long-linear, dark green, 

 rigid, flat, striated beneath, margin not revolute. Var. 

 glauca is also sold. 



DD. Form of Ifts. lanceolate. 



coffer, Miq. (E. cdffra, Hort.). Trunk to 18 ft. and 



1 ft. or more diam.: lys. to 4 ft., very stiff, recurved; 

 petiole 3-angled; rachis glabrous; Ifts. alternate, nar- 

 rower at the base, twisted, the younger ones with 1 or 



2 teeth, to 6 in. long. R.H. 1869, p. 233. Not B.M. 

 4903, which is E. longifolius var. Hookeri. 



Var. brachyphyllus, DC. (E. brachyphyllus, Lehm.). 

 Rachis and blades of the lower Ifts. spidery pubescent: 

 male cones sessile instead of peduncled. The pinnse are 

 erect, and longer and narrower than in E. coffer. 



E. Bdrteri, Carr. St. short, about 1 ft. high and to 9 in. diam.: 

 Ivs. to 5 or 6 ft. long, and 10 in. broad, erect or suberect; petiole 

 and rachis with a gray tomentum that falls off; Ifts. about 80 pairs, 

 linear-lanceolate, sharp at the apex, few-toothed: male cone to 9 

 in. long, pale; female cone about 8 in. long, oblong-ellipsoid, dark 

 olive. W. Trop. Afr. B.M. 8232. E. GheUtnckii, Lem. Spineless: 

 trunk stout, woolly-scaly: Ivs. 3-4 ft., erect-spreading; pinnse very 

 narrow-linear, densely tomentose. S. Afr. I.H. 15:567. E. Hll- 

 debrandtii, A. Br. & Bouch6. Trunk cylindrical: Ivs. pinnate, with 

 numerous lanceolate toothed pinnse which become 3-parted scales 

 toward the end of the If., woolly at least at first. Trop. Afr. G.C. 

 III. 27:120. R.B. 29:196. G.W. 10, p. 210. An attractive spe- 

 cies. E. Laurentianus, Wildem. Large, the st. reaching 30 ft. or 

 more and 2H ft. diam.: Ivs. often over 20 ft. long; lower Ifts. 

 small, 3-toothed; middle Ifts. lanceolate, 12-16 in. long and 2 in. 

 broad, spiny on both edges and at the apex. Congo. G.C. III. 35: 

 370. Named for Professor Laurent. E. Lemarinelidnus, Wildem. 

 & Dur. St. 3-7 ft.: Ivs. to 3 ft. or more; petiole shaggy; Ifts. I8- 

 60 on each side, rigid, coriaceous, glaucous, lanceolate, the edge 

 slightly recurved, more or less spiny: male cone greenish, subcy- 

 lindrical; female cone thick, green turning to salmon-color, short- 

 peduncled, the scales triangular. Congo. Named for Capt. Lema- 

 rinel. G.C. III. 35:371. R.H. 1904, p. 59. E. Woddii, Hort. 

 Allied to E. Altensteinii : st. 18 in. high and 8 in. thick, bearing 

 about 25 Ivs. which are gracefully curved and reach 5 ft. : Ifts. 8 in. 

 long and 2 in. broad, spiny-toothed, the broadest ones pinnatifid. 

 Zululand. G.C. III. 43:282. R.B. 34, p. 193. 



ENCHOLlRION: Vriesia. 



L. H. B.f 



ENCHYL&NA (name alludes to the soft or juicy 

 character of the berry-like fructification). Cheno- 

 podidcese. One procumbent or wide-branched very 

 small-leaved shrub from Austral, recently intro. by 

 U. S. Dept. Agric., and thriving well at the University 

 of California. E. iomentdsa, R. Br., grows 3 ft. or more 

 high and makes a mass many feet across: branches 

 mostly woolly or silvery: Ivs. alternate, linear, usually 

 under J^in. long: fls. solitary in the axils, bracted, very 

 small, perfect; perianth urn-shaped to globular, with 



1395. Green curled endive tied up for blanching. 



5 short teeth that close over the fr.; stamens 5, some- 

 what exserted: fr. inclosed in the perianth, which 

 becomes red or yellow, fleshy and berry-like and the 

 size of a small pea. The Australian aborigines are said 

 to eat the berries in great quantities. The plant endures 

 drought, and it is eaten by sheep when other herbage 

 becomes scarce. The procumbent habit and the endur- 

 ing color suggest its use in landscape work in dry 

 mild climates. 



ENCKEA: Piper. 



ENDIVE (Cichorium Endivia). Composite. A leaf- 

 salad plant. See Cichorium. 



Until recently endive has been almost unknown in 

 American home gardens, but it is gradually receiving 

 favor with salad-lovers. Although more frequently a 

 product of the amateur, during August and Septem- 

 ber, and possibly later, it is now freely offered in the 

 larger markets. It is especially the people of foreign de- 

 scent who grow, buy and use endive. In the hot weather 

 of summer and fall, when lettuce plants are more likely 

 to produce seed-stalks than good solid heads, endive, 

 although of somewhat bitter flavor when unbleached, 

 makes a good and acceptable substitute for lettuce as 

 a salad plant. In the unbleached state it may even be 

 used for "greens." 



The requirements as to culture are simple, as the 

 plant succeeds well on any ordinary well-enriched gar- 

 den soil. Seed may be sown in the open ground as 

 early as June, and as late as August, the rows to be a 

 foot apart and the plants to be thinned early to a foot 

 apart in the row; or seed may be started in flats and 

 the young seedlings transplanted to open ground. The 

 latter is the better way when the ground is very dry. 

 In extreme cases, it may be advisable for the home 

 gardener to grow his seedlings in flats and pot them off 

 in thumb-pots to become well rooted. This gives a 

 chance to grow good plants, while waiting for a rain to 

 moisten the open ground. To be tender, the plants 

 should be forced into strong and succulent growth by 

 high feeding and the free use of the hoe. It is a waste 

 of effort to plant endive on poor land that is deficient 

 in humus, or naturally dry and exposed. 



The originally bitter flavor becomes pleasant and 

 acceptable when the leaves or hearts are well blanched. 

 The blanching is accomplished by tying the outer leaves 

 over the heart with bast (Fig. 1395), or by placing a 

 big flower-pot over each plant, or by setting boards, 

 say 10 inches wide, on edge along each side of the row, 

 in inverted V shape, and in somewhat the same fashion 

 as for blanching celery, except that no opening is left on 

 top. The light should be excluded from the hearts as 

 much as possible. In any of these ways endive may be 

 well blanched in about three weeks, and will come out 

 with inner leaves showing a delicate whitish or creamy 

 color, and being crisp, tender and of pleasant flavor. 



If to be kept for winter use, sow the seed of Green 

 Curled endive in August, or set the plants early in 

 September; then take up the full-grown but as yet 

 unblanched plants with a ball of earth adhering to the 

 roots, and store them in a root-cellar as is done with 

 celery. If kept in the dark, they will soon bleach and 

 be ready for use. 



Green Curled has long been the favorite variety in 

 our markets and gardens. Its narrow curled leaves 

 make the well-blanched plant far more attractive to 

 the eye than the wider and plain leaves of Broad-Leaf. 

 The latter, however, is gaining on the other in both 

 growers' and consumers' favor. This is the only prac- 

 tical difference between the two varieties. The cata- 

 logues of European seedsmen list and describe several 

 additional varieties, such as the Moss Curled and Rouen, 

 none of which is often met with in American gardens. 

 A few fungi and the spinach insects sometimes attack 

 the plant. T . GREINER. 



