1122 



EPIMEDIUM 



EPIPHRONITIS 



Epimediums thrive best in partial shade, and are 

 particularly well suited for rockeries and the margins 

 of shrubberies. Almost any soil will answer for them. 

 The peculiar bronzy tints of the young foliage con- 



, 1400. Epimedium macranthum. a, E. 

 alpinum var. rubrum; b, E. pinnatum; 

 showing three types of spur or nectary. 



trast well with the variously colored flowers. Propaga- 

 tion by division. (J. B. Keller.) 



A. Spurs conspicuous, often 1 in. long, sometimes twice 

 as long as the showy inner sepals. 



macranthum, Morr. & Decne. Fig. 1400. Lvs. 

 thrice ternate; Ifts. cordate-ovate, unequal at the base, 

 sharply toothed; petioles with short, spreading, con- 

 spicuous hairs: outer sepals sometimes colored bright 

 red, remaining after the larger and showier parts of the 

 fl. have fallen; inner sepals ovate-lanceolate, violet; 

 spurs white. Japan. B.R. 1906. P.M. 5:151. Not 

 Gn. 46:356, which is E. pinnatum. Var. niveum, 

 Voss (E. niveum, Hort.), has pure white fls. G.W. 3, p. 

 591. Var. rdseum, Voss (E. rdseum, Hort. E. niveum 

 var. rdseum, Hort.), has fls. white, tinged with pink or 

 pale rosy red. Var. viplaceum, Voss (E. violdceum, 

 Morr. & Decne.), has violet spurs, shorter than in E. 

 macranthum, but much larger than in the other species. 

 B.M. 3751. B.R. 26:43. H.F. 4:168. A very interest- 

 ing species. The E. lildcea advertised in some Ameri- 

 can catalogues seems to belong here. E. lilacea is a 

 name unknown in botanical literature. 



AA. Spurs medium-sized, nearly as long as the inner 



sepals. 

 B. Inner sepals bright red. 



alpinum, Linn., var. rubrum, Hook. (E. rubrum, 

 Morr.). Fig. 1400. Lvs. biternate (but Hooker's picture 

 shows tendency to thrice ternate condition), minutely 

 toothed : spurs white, marked with red, as in Fig. 1400, 

 which shows the very distinct appearance of the fls. 

 Japan. B.M. 5671. R.B. 3, p. 33. Hooker says this 

 differs in no way from E. alpinum, except in the larger 

 and red fls., while the type which grows wild in England 

 (though probably not native) has dull reddish yellow 

 fls., and, though advertised, is probably not in cult. 



BB. Inner sepals whitish or pale yellow. 



Musschianum, Morr. & Decne. Lvs. only once ter- 

 nate, sharply toothed, as in E. macranthum: all floral 

 parts whitish or pale yellow. Japan. B.M. 3745. 

 The least showy kind, but worth growing in a collec- 



tion, its spurs having an individuality difficult to 

 describe. Var. rubrum, Hort., is presumably an error, 

 as a red-fld. form would be very unexpected. 



AAA. Spurs much shorter than the inner sepals, being, 

 in fact, merely small nectar-glands. 



B. Lvs. once or twice ternate. 



pinnatum, Fisch. Fig. 1400. Lvs. usually biternate, 

 with 5 Ifts., 3 above and 1 on each side; Ifts. with a 

 deeper and narrower basal cut than in E. macranthum, 

 the whole plant densely hairy: scape about as long as 

 the fully developed Ivs.; fls. typically bright yellow; 

 nectaries red, a third or a fourth as long as the inner 

 sepals. Shady mountain woods of Persia and Caucasus. 

 B.M. 4456. Gn. 46:356, (erroneously as E. macran- 

 thum) ; 48, p. 486. G. 18:706. Best suited to the alpine 

 garden. 



Var. elegans, Hort., presumably has larger, 

 brighter and more numerous fls. E. sulphureum of 

 European catalogues is regarded by J. W. Manning 

 and J. B. Keller as a pale yellow-fld. form of E. pinna- 

 tum, but by Voss as a variety of E. macranthum. A 

 yellow form of the violet-fld. E. macranthum: would be 

 very surprising. 



Var. colchicum, Hort. (E. cdlchicum, Hort.), has 

 brilliant golden yellow fls. and nectaries 1-1 ^ lines 

 long. 



BB. Lvs. always once ternate. 



Perralderianum, Coss. This is the African repre- 

 sentative of E. pinnatum, from which it differs in the 

 key characters and also in the much more strongly 

 ciliate-toothed Ifts.; when young the Ifts. have rich 

 bronze markings, making a handsome showing. Its 

 fls. are a "paler yellow than the typical E. pinna- 

 tum. It is far from improbable that specimens con- 

 necting them will be found in S. Eu., if not in Afr." 

 Algeria. B.M. 6509. Lvs. remain all winter. Less 

 desirable than E. pinnatum. 



E. diphtfttum, Lodd. See Aceranthus diphyllus. E. niveum 

 is catalogued by Van Tubergen as a synonym of E. Musschianum, 

 but the chances are that all the plants advertised as E. niveum 

 are E. macranthum var. niveum. The spurs are so obviously 

 longer in E. macranthum that there is no reason for confusion. 



WILHELM MILLER. 



N. TAYLOR.f 



EPIPACTIS (Greek, epipegnuo; it 'coagulates milk). 

 Orchiddcese. Hardy terrestrial orchids of minor value. 



Leafy orchids with creeping rootstocks and un- 

 branched sts.: Ivs. ovate or lanceolate, with plaited 

 veins: fls. purplish brown, nearly white or tinged red; 

 lower bracts often longer than the fls.; sepals free, 

 spreading, nearly as large as the petals; lip free, deeply 

 concave at base, without callosities, narrowly con- 

 stricted and somewhat jointed in the middle, the upper 

 portion dilated, petaloid. Ten or a dozen species in 

 the north temperate zone. The first mentioned may be 

 secured through dealers in native western and Japanese 

 plants; the second is listed in the American edition of a 

 Dutch catalogue. For other definitions of the name 

 Epipactis, see Goody era. 



Royleana, Lindl. (E. gigantea, Douglas). Stout, 

 1-4 ft. high: Ivs. from ovate below to narrowly lanceo- 

 late above, 3-8 in. long: fls. 3-10, greenish, strongly 

 veined with purple. June, July. Wash, to Santa 

 Barbara, east to S. Utah and W. Texas, on banks of 

 streams. Also Himalayas. Intro. 1883. Mn. 8:145. 



atr6rubens, Schult. (E. rubigindsa, Crantz). Lvs. 

 often reddish: fls. and ovary dark purple; lip oval, 

 acute, or slightly notched; bracts equaling the fls. or 

 rarely longer. July-Sept. Eu., W. Asia. L. H. B. 



EPIPHRONITIS is a bigeneric orchid hybrid of Epi- 

 dendrum and Sophronitis, for a picture of which see 

 R.H. 1896 :476. It has about 10 fls., chiefly a brilliant 

 scarlet, set off with bright yellow. Gt. 46, p. 555. 



