ERYNGIUM 



ERYSIMUM 



1139 



3 ft.: lower Ivs. long-petioled, broadly cordate-ovate, 

 indistinctly 3-lobed at the apex, unequally spinulose- 

 serrate; younger and the lower cauline Ivs. 3-lobed or 

 -parted and the lobes again more or less lobed or angled 

 and the margins spinose-serrate : head blue, cylindrical- 

 ovoid, or ovate, many-fld.; involucral bracts 10-15, 

 subulate or linear, somewhat spinulose. Gn. 45, p. 

 223; 60, p. 425. Gn. W. 20:791. G.W. 15, p. 497. 



11. tripartitum, Desf. Probably a hybrid: radical 

 Ivs. unequally spinulose-serrate with a large obtuse 

 middle lobe; st.-lvs. deeply 3-parted, the lobes lanceo- 

 late and rigid, spiny-toothed: head globular, small; 

 involucral bracts 6-9, narrow-lanceolate, spiny mar- 

 gined. 



12. giganteum, Bieb. (E. asperifdlium, Delar. E. 

 glaucum, Hoffm ). Stout, 6 ft., the root thick and tur- 

 nip-shaped, the st. simple below and 4-5-forked above: 

 Ivs. coriaceous, the basal ones broadly cordate or cor- 

 date-triangular, toothed; st.-lvs. more or less 3-lobed, 

 spinulose -dentate: heads cylindrical or ovoid-cylin- 

 drical, 3-4 in. long, in an ample infl., blue or pale green; 

 involucral bracts lanceolate to obovate, very rigid, 

 much cut; fls. very many; sepals ovate or ovate- 

 lanceolate; petals obovate-lanceolate. Caucasus, Asia 

 Minor. Gn. 46, p. 523; 70, p. 111. G. 34:95. R.H. 

 1906, p. 379. G.W. 15, p. 479. 



13. planum, Linn. (E. planifolium, Pall. E. lati- 

 folium, Gilib. E. intermedium, Weinm.). Root thick 

 turnip-shaped, very long: st. 3 ft., mostly single, 3-5- 

 forked at top: basal Ivs. cordate, oblong or oval or 

 broadly obovate, obtuse, spinulose, usually palmately 

 7-9-nerved; lower st.-lvs. short-petioled, shaped like 

 the basal Ivs. or 3-lobed, the lobes deeply serrate or 

 cut, the upper ones sessile and 3-5-parted: heads blue, 

 ovoid or nearly globular, about f^in. long; involucral 

 bracts mostly linear, rigid, somewhat spinulose-ser- 

 rate; sepals lanceolate; petals ovate-oblong. Eu., Asia. 

 G.L. 18:136. A var. roseum is offered. 



14. dichotomum, Desf. (E. tricuspidatum, Tenore). 

 Two ft. or less, glaucous-blue, the st. strong, few-lvd., 

 branchy, 3-5-forked at top: lower Ivs. long-petioled, 

 cordate-oblong or obovate, very obtuse, serrate or 

 crenate, reticulated; upper Ivs. rigid, 5-parted: head 

 nearly globose or ovoid-globose, about K m - long; 

 involucral bracts 6-7, rigid, narrow-linear or subulate, 

 somewhat spinulose, pungent-pointed; sepals ovate or 

 ovate-lanceolate, spine-tipped; petals ovate-oblong. 

 Medit. region. 



15. coerMeum, Bieb. About 3 ft., blue, the root 

 thick and long turnip-shaped, the st. usually solitary, 

 4-5-forked above, the branches long: basal Ivs. all long- 

 petioled, cordate, cordate-ovate or cordate-oblong, 

 crenate-serrate, outer ones undivided, inner ones 3- 

 lobed: heads small; involucral bracts 4-6, rigid and 

 wide-spreading, linear-lanceolate, spinulose; sepals 

 narrow-lanceolate; petals oblong. Caucasus and E. 



16. Leavenworthii, Torr. & Gray. Purple-violet 

 above, 3 ft., the st. strict and full-lvd., at the top 

 3-forked: basal Ivs. oblanceolate and mostly obtuse, 

 spinose-dentate, the others deeply palmate-parted, 

 the divisions cut-pinnatifid and the segms. spreading 

 and pungent-pointed: heads ovoid-cylindrical, 2 in. or 

 less long; inyolucral bracts 7-9, linear-lanceolate, 

 spinose-pinnatifid; sepals pinnatifid. Dry soil, Kans. to 

 Texas. 



cc. Basal Ivs. on the flowering plant all lobed 

 or divided. 



17. serbicum, Pane. Height \-l l A ft-, blue above: 

 root elongated, thick, somewhat woody: st. slender, 

 sparsely Ivd., short-branching and 3-4-fprked above: 

 basal Ivs. long-petioled, fresh green, divided into 5-7 

 grass-like segms.; st.-lvs. more or less clasping or short- 

 petioled, the segms. very narrow and remotely spinu- 



lose-cut: heads small, globose-ovoid; involucral bracts 

 5-7, rigid, narrow-linear, sharp-pointed; sepals broad- 

 ovate, obtuse; petals broadly oblong-ovate. Servia. 



18. Spinalba, Vill. Plant rigid, whitish green, more 

 or less blue above: st. stout, at the top 3-4-forked: 

 Ivs. coriaceous, rigid, broadly cordate-ovate, palmately 

 4-5-parted, the margins undulate and spiny-toothed: 

 head blue, ovoid-cylindrical; involucral bracts about 

 10 and very rigid, deeply pinnatifid, spine-pointed; 

 sepals lanceolate or more or less ovate; petals oblong- 

 linear. Eu., hi the Alps. 



19. Bourgatii, Gouan (E. Tournefbrtii, Bub.). Low, 

 usually about 1^ ft.: root thick, somewhat turnip- 

 form: st. mostly solitary, simple below, sparingly 

 branched above, apex 3-forked: Ivs. somewhat coria- 

 ceous, pale green, rigid, nearly orbicular or somewhat 

 reniform, palmately 3-5-parted and again lobed, spiny- 

 toothed; st.-lvs. palmate, somewhat clasping: heads 

 blue or rarely green, nearly globose or ovoid-globose; 

 involucral bracts 9-15, spiny or not; sepals lanceolate, 

 acute; petals spatulate. Medit. region. 



20. Zabelii, Hort. (E. alpinum x E. Bourgatii). 

 Plant rather robust, 1> ft.: basal Ivs. suborbicular, 

 3-parted; the segms. cuneate at base and deeply 3- 

 lobed and again 3-lobed, margins strongly spinulose- 

 serrate: head globose-cylindrical, 1 in. or more long; 

 involucral bracts, 12-14, rigid, lanceolate, spinulose- 

 dentate, blue or amethystine. G.W. 15, p. 496. 



21. amethystinum, Linn. (E. pallescente, Mill.). 

 Fig. 1417. Stout, \}/2 ft. and more, blue or amethystine 

 above or sometimes whitish: root thick, long-cylindri- 

 cal: st. remotely leafy, branched, 4-5-forked at top: 

 Ivs. rigid, obovate or oblong-ovate, bipinnatifid, 

 spinose-dentate; upper st.-lvs. clasping, pinnately 

 parted, spinulose-dentate: heads ovoid-globose, %m~ 

 or more long, the peduncle thick and sulcate; involucral 

 bracts 6-9, unequal, linear-subulate or lanceolate, 

 sharp-pointed; sepals ovate-lanceolate; petals ovate- 

 oblong or nearly rectangular. Eu. Gn. 46, p. 522; 55, 

 p. 454. G.L. 23:199. Variable. Var. multffidum, Wolff 

 (E. multifidum, Smith) has much-cut Ivs. 



Any number of eryngiums may be expected to appear in the 

 list, aa they are likely to strike the attention of collectors. They 

 appear to hybridize rather freely. E. hijbridum is a trade name for 

 garden forms, but it has no botanical standing. E. Rdthenbergii 

 is a garden hybrid of E. alpinum and E. giganteum. E. aziireum 

 and E. ctelestinum are garden names without botanical standing; 

 the latter is said to be E. amethystinum. E. Ebentum=E. ebur- 

 neum(?). E. Wrightii is said to be a free form of E. planum, bloom* 

 ing for a long period. L H B 



ERYSIMUM (probably means blister -drawing). 

 Crudferse. Of this genus two brilliant yellow and 

 orange, spring- and summer -blooming hardy "an- 

 nuals," are cultivated, scarcely, if at all, inferior to the 

 true wallflowers (Cheiranthus) for general purposes, 

 and a few rock-garden and wild-garden plants. 



Biennial, annual and perennial herbs, with long 

 soft appressed 2-parted hairs: Ivs. narrow, linear or 

 oblong, entire or variously toothed: fls. orange or yel- 

 low, rarely purple, often fragrant; petals 4, usually 

 large, clawed; stamens 6, free and without appendages: 

 style persistent: pod broad-linear, strongly compressed 

 or sometimes 4-angled; seeds many, various. Species 

 80-90 in the north temperate zone, being most numer- 

 ous in Eu. and Cent. Asia. Some of the species are 

 said to hybridize with Cheiranthus. Numbers of 

 species are likely to be mentioned as good subjects for 

 alpine-gardening. 



Although some of the popular kinds are biennials, 

 the gardeners think of them as annuals. Their seeda 

 can be sown in the fall and produce bloom earlier than 

 if sown in spring. The rock - garden kinds do well also 

 in the front row of the border and on dry banks. They 

 like full exposure to sunlight, and in the spring months 

 are completely covered with bright flowers. Divided 

 plants, as well as seeds, are offered by American dealers. 



