1144 



ERYTHRONIUM 



ESCALLONIA 



1:317 (adapted in Fig. 1421). G.C. III. 3:653; 15:623; 

 43:213. Gn. M. 6:65. Gn.W. 22:375. B.M. 7017. 



14. purpurascens, Wats. Lvs. undulate, not mottled 

 but shaded in dark metallic tints: fls. small, spreading, 

 crowded in a raceme, light yellow (almost white), cen- 

 ter orange, becoming purplish. Sierras. A very small- 

 fid, erythronium, with 1-8 fls. crowded together. This 

 species grows at 5,000-7,000 ft. altitude in the Sierras. 

 While under some conditions it is low-growing, under 

 other conditions it equals in size and height the most 

 robust species. At the lower altitudes of its habitat 

 snow covers the ground until early May and this plant 

 flowers shortly afterward; it remains very dry in 

 summer and fall. 



15. Howellii, Wats. Rather slender, to 18 in., 1-3- 

 fld.: Ivs. mottled, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 

 usually acute and short-apiculate : fls. pale yellow with 

 orange base, becoming pinkish. S. Ore. Of the Pacific 

 coast erythroniums, this alone is destitute of the ear- 

 shaped appendages at inner base of petal. 



CARL PURDY and L. H. B. 



ERYTHROXYLON (Greek, red wood; true of some 

 species). Written also Erythrdxylum. Erythroxylacese. 

 COCA. A genus famous for the coca plant, the leaves of 

 which are of vast importance in medicine, yielding 

 cocaine, grown slightly in the extreme south of Florida 

 and California, and rarely cultivated under glass in 

 the North for its economic interest. 



Erythroxylon comprises about 90 species of shrubs 

 or small trees widely distributed in tropical and sub- 

 tropical countries but most abundant in Trop. Amer.: 

 Ivs. alternate, entire, often coriaceous: fls. small, 

 whitish, on bracteolate pedicels, solitary or fascicled; 

 sepals 5 (or 6); petals of same number, deciduous, 

 appendaged on the inner face; stamens twice the num- 

 ber of petals, connate at base: fr. a 1-seeded drupe. 



C6ca, Lam. Shrub, 5-6 ft. high, with rusty brown, 

 slender branches, on the extreme tips of which the Ivs. 

 are borne: below the Ivs., on the wood of the preceding 

 year, which is reddish, clusters of 3-5 yellow 5-lobed 

 fls. J^in. across spring from the protection of the small 

 scales that line the branchlets, and which are colored 

 like the bark: Ivs. oval, obovate or elliptical, differing 

 in different cult, strains or varieties, about 1^-2^ in. 

 long und marked on the under side with 2 lines extend- 

 ing on either side of the midrib from base to apex. 

 Native country uncertain; the earliest described form, 

 which happens to be Peruvian, was named by Lam- 

 arck Erythroxylum Coca, and figured in B.M. 7334. 

 The Ivs. of this form are about 23^ in. long, oblong- 

 obovate, tapering to a short stalk, rounded at the apex, 

 the midrib extending beyond into a short, sharp point. 

 Coca is grown commercially on a large scale through- 

 out S. Amer., and also in Java and Ceylon. There are 2 

 leading commercial varieties, according to Kraemer, 

 the Bolivian or Huanco, and the Peruvian or Truxillo. 

 The lys. are picked when fully grown, and quickly 

 dried in the sun. The shrub is said to require for its 

 best development a very hunaid atmosphere and com- 

 paratively high elevation. Coca should not be con- 

 fused with cocoa and cacao, which are discussed under 

 Theobroma. L. H. B.t 



ESCALLONIA (named for Escallon, a Spanish 

 traveler in South America). Saxifragacese. Mainly 

 evergreen shrubs or small trees, widely dispersed in 

 South America, especially in the mountains. 



Leaves alternate, glandular-serrate (rarely entire): 

 fls. strongly odorous, white or of a pink or red color, 

 in terminal racemes or panicles, or axillary; calyx- 

 lobes 5; petals 5; stamens 5; style simple, the stigma 

 obscurely 4-5-lobed and peltate, or 2-lobed and reni- 

 form or peltate. Noteworthy in the genus are the 

 glands, stalked or not, which may occur almost any- 

 where on the plant. Lvs. often with resinous dots on 



!** 



1422. Escallonia langleyensis. 



one or both surfaces. About 45 or 50 species, a num- 

 ber of which have been intro. in the S., and in Calif. 

 They are of easy culture; rapid growers; and often 

 artificially trained as vines. Several will probably prove 



half-hardy as far 

 north as N. Y. 



A. Lvs. large, 

 hairy, especi- 

 ally below, or 

 in one variety 

 glabrous but 

 very shiny. 

 p'ulverulenta, 

 Pers. Shrub: Ivs. 

 very thick, oval or 

 elliptic, obtuse, 

 serrate, rough- 

 hairy below, with 

 scattered hairs 

 above: fls. white, 

 in long densely 

 fld. terminal ra- 

 cemes; stigma dis- 

 tinctly 2 - lobed, 

 reniform: fr. a 

 glandular -warty 

 caps.: branches 

 hairy . Var. glabra, 

 Engler. Differs from the species in being almost or 

 quite glabrous. Handsomer than the type. Not in cult, 

 in this country. 



AA. Lvs. glabrous or nearly so. 

 B. Fls. red or pink. 



rftbra, Pers. var. glabriuscula, Hook. & Am. (E. rubra 

 of many authors). Dainty fld. shrub, with numerous 

 stalked glands: Ivs. ovate, often deltoid-ovate, acute, 

 finely and irregularly doubly - serrate, glabrous, with 

 brown resinous dots below, rather small: fls. red, tu- 

 bular, borne in 2's or 3's (or rarely singly) on lateral 

 pedicels, grouped near the ends of the branches; calyx 

 densely glandular; petals long-clawed; stigma obscurely 

 5-lobed: fr. a top-shaped caps. B.M. 2890. 



macrantha, Hook. &Arn. Shrub : Ivs. thickish, broadly 

 ovate, acutish or obtuse, bluntly serrate, essentially 



glabrous: fls. red, long-tubular, in a stocky, often 

 ranching, terminal raceme; calyx-lobes with marginal 

 glands; stigma peltate, obscurely 5-lobed: fr. a gla- 

 brescent caps. F.S. 6:632. Excellent. Var. sangumea 

 is a horticultural variety with fls. more crimson. 



organensis, Gardn. Half-hardy S., 2-5 ft., glabrous 

 throughout: Ivs. thick, oblong, acutish, serrulate, with 

 tiny resinous dots: fls. pink, in close, terminal clusters. 

 B.M. 4274. Excellent. Organ Mts., Brazil. 



BB. Fls. white, or, in E. langleyensis, rose-tinted. 

 c. Width of Ivs. more than }/^in. 



chlorophylla, Cham. &. Schlecht. (E. Candida, Lena.). 

 Shrub, to 3 ft.: Ivs. oblong-ovate or obovate, obtuse, 

 apiculate, or more rarely acute, with a few blunt teeth 

 on upper part, or wholly entire: fls. white, in a termi- 

 nal, many-fld. panicle. J.F. 403. 



montevidensis, DC. (E. floribunda, Reichb. E. flori- 

 bunda, HBK. var. montewdensis, Cham. & Schlecht.). 

 Shrub, to 9 ft. : Ivs. thick, elliptic, obtuse, finely serrate, 



glabrous, shiny above: fls. white, in a terminal, many- 

 d. panicle; petals clawed; stigma obscurely 4-5-lobed: 

 fr. a top-shaped caps., crowned by the obviously 

 longer style. G. 25 : 576 ; 27 : 465. 



floribunda, HBK. Shrub: Ivs. oblong-ovate, obtuse, 

 very minutely crenulate-serrate or entire, glabrous or 

 nearly so: fls. white, in many-fld., compound, axillary 

 or terminal panicles; petals clawed; stigma peltate, 

 2-lobed: fr. a caps., crowned by the equal or barely 

 longer style. G.C. III. 47:53. 



