ESCALLONIA 



ESCHSCHOLTZIA 



1145 



cc. Width of Ivs. not over. %in. 



leucantha, Remy. Densely Ivd. shrub: Ivs. obovate, 

 obtuse or nearly so, finely serrate, at least on upper 

 part, glabrous, small: fls. white, in very dense racemes; 

 petals spatulate, clawed : fr. an obovate caps. 



virgata, Pers. (E. Philippidna, Mast. E. virgdta 

 var. Philippidna, Engler. E. stricta, Gay). Densely 

 )vd. shrub, half-hardy south of Washington: Ivs. stiff, 

 lanceolate or obovate, obtuse to acute, tapering at base, 

 with minute rather distant teeth on upper part, gla- 

 brous or nearly so, small: fls. white, axillary, scattered, 

 or sometimes massed near the tips of the branchlets; 

 petals spreading, scarcely if at all clawed: fr. a globose 

 caps. G. 27, p. 464. Gn. 66, p. 64. 



langleyensis, Vilm. & Bois. Fig. 1422. A graceful 

 shrub (artificial hybrid of E. macrantha and E. virgata) : 

 Ivs. linear-ovate, obtuse or acutish, minutely serrulate, 

 small, in short racemes at the ends of the branchlets. 



E. dlba, a name found in some of the catalogues, is not deter- 

 minable. E. pendula, Pers. Shrub with red fls., in narrow racemes 

 to more than 1 ft. long, and Ivs. resembling those of tobacco. 

 Desirable. E. rdsea. An unidentified catalogue name which in 

 at least one instance, certainly does not refer to E. rosea, Griseb., 

 a very little known species. ALBERT H ANFORD MOORE. 



ESCHSCHOLTZIA (J. F. Eschscholtz, of Kptzebue's 

 scientific expedition). Papaverdcese. Brilliant and 

 popular garden flowers. 



Low, pale or glaucous herbs, annual or perennial, 

 with ternately dissected alternate Ivs., and large, 

 showy yellow or whitish long-peduncled fls.: sepals 2; 

 petals 4; stamens numerous; stigmas 4-6: caps, long 

 and slender like a silique, 1-loculed, elastically dehis- 

 cent at the instant it separates from the receptacle. 

 The calyx forms a hood which is pushed off over the 

 bud as the petals expand (see detail at the left in Fig. 

 1423). The torus or receptacle (from which the caps, 

 arises) is prominently hollowed and surrounds the base 

 of the pistil. Few genera have been more diversely 

 interpreted as to the limits of species. Gray accepted 

 about a dozen species, and something like this view of 

 the genus is commonly held. Greene, however, in Pit- 

 tonia, V (1905) recognized 112 species and separated 

 one of the described species under the new genus Pet- 

 romecon. Fedde in Engler's Pflanzenreich, hft. 40 (1909), 

 separates 123 species. These many species are segre- 

 gated largely from the multifarious group to which the 

 name E. californica has been applied. On this treat- 

 ment Jepson writes: "This species is highly variable, 

 especially so in trivial details of leaf-segmentation and 

 of shape of calyptra and in habit. It is also variable 

 in the size and color of petals and so runs into an 

 extensive concourse of forms, many of which seem 

 obviously seasonal or due to soil or moisture conditions. 

 Some of these highly marked plants in the Sacramento 

 Valley have two seasonally dimorphic forms, an erect 

 vernal flowering form with very large golden corolla 

 and huge torus rim, and an autumnal flowering form 

 with small straw-yellow corolla and reduced or no torus 

 rim. It has been found impossible thus far, after several 

 trials, to reproduce this sequence in cultivation on the 

 coast. The flower is not like either the vernal or 

 autumnal form but approximates the coast form. A 

 large number of the wild forms have been collected but 



?robably only a small proportion of those in existence, 

 'et the number of specimens distributed to herbaria 

 has been sufficient to form the basis for nearly 100 new 

 species. It does not seem hopeful that the solving 

 of the problem of Eschscholtzia californica in just this 

 way will lead either to permanent results or afford a 

 satisfactory basis for the kind of work most needed, 

 namely the prosecution of combined field and cultural 

 studies." Studies of growing plants under conditions 

 of observation and control, both of wild and horticul- 

 tural material, are awaited. Where the abundant 

 garden material falls, in the segregations, is yet 

 unknown. The cult, forms are derived from the old 



E. californica, and E. tenuifolia appears also to be in 

 the trade. Eschscholtzia is a genus of W. N. Amer., 

 ranging both on the coast and in the interior valleys, 

 and in the Sierras. It occurs from Low. Calif, to the 

 valley of the Columbia River, in New Mex., Ariz., 

 Nev., Utah. It has run wild in parts of Cent. Eu. 



californica, Cham. CALIFORNIA POPPY. Fig. 1423. 

 Perennial, but cult, as an annual, 10^24 in. high, form- 

 ing mats: Ivs. long-petioled and divided into linear 

 parts, those on the sts. smaller and shorter-petioled : 

 fl. saucer-shaped, opening in sunshine, 2-3 in. across, 

 yellow or orange or cream-colored: pod 3-4 in. long, 

 strong-ribbed: torus large and funnel-shaped. Calif, 

 and Ore., mostly along the coast. One of the most 

 popular garden fls. It is treated as a hardy annual, the 

 seeds being sown where the plants are to stand, and 

 they should be sown very early. It stands considerable 

 cold, and blooms after the first frosts. If well pro- 

 tected, plants of one season's growth will pass the win- 

 ter and give some bloom the following spring. It some- 

 times self-sows. Very attractive as an edging, because 

 of its interesting bluish foliage. There are double-fld. 

 forms. Very variable, and cult, under a variety of 

 names, as C. maritima, Hort. (net Greene), C. vdria, 

 Hort. (trade name for mixed varieties), C. aurantiaca, 

 Hort., C. dlba, Hort., C. Thdrburnii, Hort. In color 

 forms are offered yellow, golden yellow, white, rose- 

 white, carmine, rose. Var. crocea, Hort. (E. crdcea, 

 Benth.) . Fls. deep orange : torus very widely expanded : 

 calyx-bud long-attenuate. B.R. 1677. B.M! 3495. Var. 



1423. Eschscholtzia californica. ( X .'-.>) 



Douglasii, Gray (E. Doiiglasii, Benth.). Rather more 

 slender, and blooms earlier: fls. pure yellow: torus rim 

 narrow. 



tenuifolia, Hook. Lower, with narrow Ivs. in a radi- 

 cal tuft, the long divisions being almost capillary: fls. 

 small (1 in. across), light yellow, overtopping the Ivs.: 

 torus less prominent: seeds muricate. Foothills of the 

 Sierra Nevadas. B.M. 4812. L. H. B. 



