1186 



EVONYMUS 



EVONYMUS 



pink or whitish, capsular fruits, showing the bright 

 orange seeds when opening, and with the splendid fall 

 coloring that most of the species assume, especially 

 E. alata, E. Maackii, E. sanguinea, E. verrucosa, E.. 

 europaea and E. atropurpurea. The wood is tough, 

 close-grained and light-colored, often almost white, and 

 used, especially in Europe, for the manufacture of small 

 articles. The bark of E. atropurpurea has medical 



1464. E vonymus obovata. ( X %) 



properties. Most of the cultivated deciduous species, 

 except those from Himalayas, are hardy North, while 

 of the evergreen ones only E. radicans is fairly hardy, 

 and, on account of its greater hardiness, is often used 

 North as a substitute of the ivy for covering walls, 

 rocks and trunks of trees, climbing if planted in good 

 soil, to a height of 15 and sometimes 20 feet. E. 

 europaea, and South, the evergreen E.japonica are some- 

 times used for hedges. 



The spindle-trees are not particular as to the soil 

 and are well adapted for shrubberies. Propagation 

 is by seeds which are usually stratified and sown in 

 spring, or by cuttings of ripened wood in fall. The 

 evergreen species grow readily from cuttings of half- 

 ripened wood under glass in fall or during the winter in 

 the greenhouse. Varieties are sometimes grafted or 

 budded on stock of their typical species. 



INDEX, CONTINUED. 



sanguinea, 8. subtriflora, 3. verrucosa, 4. 



semipersistens, 13. Thunbergiana, 3. viridi-variegata, 15. 



Sieboldiana,l2, 13, variegata, 2. vulgaris, 6. 



14, and suppl. list, vegeta, 16. yedoensis, 12. 

 striata, 3. 



A. Foliage deciduous. Nos. 113. 

 B. Caps, tuberculale, depressed-globose: fls. 5-merous. 



1. americana, Linn. STRAWBERRY BUSH. Upright 

 shrub, to 8 ft.: Ivs. ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceo- 

 late, usually acute at the base, acuminate, crenately 

 serrate, 1K~3 in. long: peduncle slender, few-fld.; fls. 

 yellowish or reddish green: fr. pink. June; fr. Sept.- 

 Oct. From S. N. Y. bouth, west to Texas. L.B.C. 14: 

 1322. B.B. (ed. 2) 2:491. Var. angustifdlia, Wood (E. 

 angustifblia, Pursh). Lvs. lanceolate or linear-lanceo- 

 late, half-evergreen S. 



2. obovata, Nutt. (E. americana var. obovata, Torr. 

 & Gray). Fig. 1464. Procumbent shrub, with rooting 

 st. and erect branches, to 1 ft. : Ivs. obovate or elliptic- 

 obovate, crenately serrate, light green, 1-2 in. long: 

 fls. purplish: caps, usually 3-celled. May; fr. Aug., 

 Sept. From Canada to Ind. and Ky. G.F. 9:385 

 (adapted in Fig. 1464). It may be used for covering 

 the ground under large trees, or for borders of shrub- 

 beries. Var. variegata, Hort., has the Ivs. marked pale 

 yellow. 



BB. Caps, smooth: fls. generally 4-merous. 

 C. Fr. divided to the base into 4 or less nearly separate pods. 



3. alata, Maxim. (E. Thunbergiana, Blume. E. 

 striata, _ Loes.). Spreading shrub, to 8 ft.: branches 

 stiff, with 2-4 broad, corky wings: Ivs. elliptic or obo- 

 vate, acute at both ends, sharply serrate, 1-2 in. long: 

 fls. 1-3, short-peduncled, yellowish: caps, purplish, 

 small; seeds brown with orange aril. May, June; fr. 

 Sept., Oct. China, Japan. S.I.F. 1:63. F.E. 32:54. 

 Var. subtrifldra, Franch. & Sav. Branches not winged: 

 fls. 1-5. Var. aperta, Loes. Aril open at the apex, dis- 

 closing the black seed. Cent. China. This species is 

 one of the handsomest; the Ivs. turn bright crimson in 

 autumn, the small, but numerous frs. are brightly 

 colored and in winter the shrub is conspicuous by its 

 broadly winged branches. 



cc. Fr. more or less 3-5-lobed. 

 D. Branches densely warty. 



4. verrucdsa, Scop. Erect shrub, to 6 ft. : Ivs. ovate- 

 lanceolate, crenately serrulate, acuminate, 1-2^ in. 

 long: fls. slender-peduncled, 1-3, brownish: caps. 



1465. Evonymus europaea. ( X 1$) 



deeply 4-lobed, yellowish red; seed black, not wholly 

 covered by the orange aril. May, June; fr. Aug. S. E. 

 Eu., W. Asia. H.W. 3, p. 55. 



DD. Branches smooth. 



E. Anthers yellow. 

 p. The caps, with obtuse lobes. 



5. nana, Bieb. Low shrub, to 2 ft., with slender, 

 often arching or sometimes procumbent and rooting 



