1194 



EXHIBITIONS 



EXOCHORDA 



including a number of different kinds of vegetables are 

 much the same as for making individual exhibits: the 

 specimens must be selected with care, thoroughly 

 cleaned, and attractively arranged. In addition, the 

 character and arrangement of the exhibit as a whole 

 must be given careful attention. Very often, general 

 displays fail in effectiveness because the number of 

 specimens of each kind is too limited or the different 

 specimens of the same kind are too much scattered 

 through the exhibit, instead of being massed so that 

 they would make an impression upon the spectator. 

 Exhibitors are likewise inclined to weaken the char- 

 acter of an exhibit by introducing a few specimens 

 each of numerous species or varieties that are little 

 known or of small commercial importance. These 

 are often scattered promiscuously through the exhibit 

 and detract the attention from the main features. The 

 general effect of the exhibit as a whole is of prime 

 importance. 



Non-competitive exhibits of vegetables for adver- 

 tising or educational purposes are usually confined to 

 a comparatively few species or varieties in a given 

 exhibit. In exhibits made for advertising some particu- 

 lar section or locality, the vegetables are likely to be 

 merely a minor part of a general exhibit, and to con- 

 sist of specimens likely to attract attention by reason 

 of their unusual size rather than any other noteworthy 

 feature. 



Certain kinds of vegetables lend themselves readily 

 to the making of purely educational exhibits to illus- 

 trate the influence of differences in soil treatment 

 or cultural methods or the results of treatment for 

 plant diseases. In such exhibits, it is unwise to attempt 

 to illustrate the results of many different treatments 

 in one exhibit. It is much better to concentrate the 

 attention of the spectator upon one or two striking 

 results than to try to demonstrate a number of minor 

 variations. If the latter method is attempted, the 

 effectiveness of the display will be destroyed; for the 

 passing observer recognizes only striking contrasts. 

 For example, if a number of different fertilizer treat- 

 ments have been employed, and all give marked results 

 as compared with the check (the unfertilized plat), 

 it would be unwise in an educational exhibit to attempt 

 to illustrate the proportionate yields from all the treat- 

 ments. Only the yields of the check plat and one or 

 two others should be given. The casual observer can 

 see three things at a glance, but not a dozen. 



In making an educational exhibit to represent dif- 

 ferences in yields, the quantities shown should repre- 

 sent yields from definite areas of ground, such as one- 

 hundredth or one-thousandth of an acre; and the 

 specimens should be arranged in such a way that the 

 differences will be most apparent. 



In arranging an exhibit to illustrate the results of 

 treatment for plant diseases, e.g., treatment of seed 

 potatoes for the control of scab, it is better to sort the 

 specimens from each plat into "diseased" and "sound," 

 and to display them in two contiguous piles, than to 

 mix the diseased and sound promiscuously in the same 

 pile. 



The educational value of all exhibits, whether compet- 

 itive or non-competitive, is greatly enhanced if careful 

 attention is given to the proper labeling of the various 

 parts or features of each exhibit. Conspicuous legends 

 of a concise nature are of some benefit to even the casual 

 observer, and are greatly appreciated by the few who 

 are specially interested in the particular exhibit or the 

 matter it is designed to illustrate. JOHN W. LLOYD. 



EXOCHORDA (from exo, external, and chorde, a cord, 

 referring to the chord belonging to the external part 

 of the placenta on the ventral side of the carpels). 

 Rosacese. PEARL- BUSH. Ornamental shrubs grown 

 chiefly for the showy racemes of pure white flowers. 



Deciduous: winter-buds conspicuous, with imbricate 



fr. 



scales: lys. alternate, petioled, entire or serrate: fls. 

 in terminal racemes, polygamo-dicecious; calyx-tube 

 broadly turbinate; calyx-lobes and petals 5; stamens 

 15-25, at the margin of a large disk, short; carpels 5, 

 connate; styles distinct: fr. a 5-angled, deeply furrowed 

 caps., separating into 5 bony, 1-2-seeded carpels; seeds 

 winged. Three species in China and Turkestan. 



The pearl-bushes are slender-branched shrubs with 

 rather thin bright green foliage and very showy white 

 flowers. E. Korolkowii is hardy North. E. racemosa 

 and E. Giraldii are at least hardy as far north as Mass- 

 achusetts. They grow best in a well-drained loamy soil 

 and in a sunny position. Propagation is by seeds, or 

 by softwood cuttings taken from forced plants; taken 

 in summer from the open they root slowly and with 

 difficulty; also by layering. 



racemdsa, Rehd. (E. grandiflora, Lindl. Ameldnchier 

 racemosa, Lindl.). Fig. 1470. Slender spreading shrub, to 

 10, rarely to 15 ft., glabrous: Ivs. elliptic to elliptic- 

 oblong or oblong-obovate, 

 entire or on vigorous shoots 

 serrate above the middle, 

 13^-2 3^ in. long, 

 whitish below; pet- 

 ioles about J^in. 

 long: racemes 6- 

 10-fld.; fls. 2 in. 

 across, pure white, 

 short-stalked; 

 petals roundish, 

 clawed ; stamens 15: 

 fr. turbinate, about 

 HHI. long. April, 

 May. China. B.M. 4795. F. 

 8.9:954. L.I. 11-12. Gt. 47: 

 1455. R.H. 1889, p. 128; 1896, 

 pp. 324, 325. J.H. III. 34:483; 

 53:285. G.C. II. 16:73; III. 

 7:613. Gn. 58, p. 315; 60, p. 

 232; 62, p. 161; 66, p. 141. 

 A.F. 6:643. Gng. 5:97. F.E. 

 30:117:31:971. G.M. 44:531. 

 M.D.G. 1901:321; 1905: 254; 

 1906:561. G.W. 10, p. 430. m 

 H.F. 1867:250. Var. prostrata, m 

 Hort. A form with prostrate 

 branches. The species is 

 among the showiest shrubs 

 blooming in May. 



Giraldii, Hesse (E. racemdsa 

 var. Giraldii, Rehd.). Similar 

 to the preceding: Ivs. oval or 

 elliptic, entire, very rarely cre- 

 nate-serrate; petiole about 1 

 in. long, usually red: fls. very 

 short-stalked or nearly sessile; 



petals obovate, gradually nar- ,., !-..*. , 



. . , 1470. Exochorda ra^iuuoa. 



rowed into the claw, some- (X 1 A) 



times toothed; stamens 25-30. 



N.W.China. M.D.G. 1909:295. G.W. 16, p. 450. Var. 

 Wflsonii, Rehd. (E. racemosa var. Wilsonii, Rehd.). 

 Lvs. elliptic to oblong, occasionally serrate; petioles Yy- 

 % in. long, usually green : stamens 20-25. Cent. China. 

 Korolkowii, Lav. (E. Albertii, Regel. E. grandiflora 

 var. Albertii, Aschers. & Graebn.,). Upright, slender- 

 branched shrub, to 12 ft., glabrous: Ivs. oblong, to 

 oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse or acute, gradually nar- 

 rowed toward the base, entire, but the Ivs. of the 

 stronger shoots often serrate above the middle and at 

 the base with 1 or few small narrow lobes, \Yr^Yi in- 

 long: racemes 5-8-fld.; fls. \Yi in. across; petals nar- 

 rowly obovate; stamens 25: caps. %in. long, ovoid, 

 pointed. April, May. Turkestan. G.W. 16, p. 451. 

 G. 31:505. This is one of the earliest shrubs to burst 

 into leaf in spring; it is of more upright habit and with 



