EXOCHORDA 



darker and denser foliage than the preceding, but not 

 so floriferous. 



macrantha, Lemoine (E. racembsa x E. Korolkdiuii). 

 Similar to E. racemosa, but of more upright habit 

 and more vigorous: Ivs. generally obovate or oblong- 

 obovate, bright green, entire on vigorous shoots cre- 

 nate, 2-3 in. long: racemes 8-10-fld.; fls. l%-2 in. 

 broad; petals obovate, narrowed into the claw; sta- 

 mens about 20. April, May. Of garden origin. R.H. 

 1903, pp. 18, 64. M.D.G. 1902:484. G.W. 16:449. 



ALFRED REHDEB. 



EXOGONIUM: Ipomcea. 



EXORRHIZA (exo, out, outside, rhiza, root; alluding 

 to the large aerial roots above the ground). Paimdcese, 

 tribe Cocoinese. High-growing pinnate-leaved palm. 



Stem or trunk straight, smooth, supported at the 

 base by large aerial, spiny roots: Ivs. large, pinnate. 

 Allied to Kentia, but distinguished by the imbricate 

 sepals of the staminate fls., the elongated subulate 

 filaments of the stamens, by the roundish ovate sepals 

 of the pistillate fls. and by the parietal ovule. In 

 Kentia the ovule is basal and erect. Cult, as in Kentia. 

 The following species flowered at Kew in 1901. 



Wendlandiana, Becc. (Kentia Exorrhlza, Wendl.). 

 Often more than 60 ft. high but in cult, reaching only 

 24 ft.: Ivs. 10-12 ft. long; pinnae alternately arranged, 

 1-2 in. from each other, becoming 4 ft. long and 2 in. 

 broad, 8-10-neryed: spadix appearing below the Ivs., 

 enveloped in thick, coriaceous boat-shaped spathes; 

 spadices 2, much longer than the spathes. Fiji Isls. 

 B.M.7797. N.TAYLOR.f 



EXOSTEMMA (name alludes to the exserted sta- 

 mens). Rubi&cese. Evergreen trees and shrubs of W. 

 Indies and other parts of Trop. Amer., by some united 

 with Rustia. There are upwards of 20 species. They 

 are little known as warmhouse subjects, and the name 

 does not appear in the trade. It is probable that the 

 general treatment given Cinchona and similar things 

 will apply to them. Lvs. opposite: fls. white, various 

 in size and arrangement; corolla salver-form, the lobes 

 5 and spreading and narrow; stamens 5, inserted in 

 the bottom of the corolla-tube, long-exserted ; disk 

 annular: fr. an oblong, cylindrical or club-shaped 

 2-valved caps. The fls. are commonly axillary or in 

 terminal corymbs. 



EXPERIMENT STATIONS. Every state of the 

 Union, every island dependency of the United States, 

 and every province of the Dominion of Canada has one 

 experiment station for agriculture supported by public 

 funds. A very few of the states have two stations, one 

 being the regular federal agency in the state and the 

 other being usually an institution established and 

 maintained directly by the state and representing the 

 movement that began before the passage of the federal 

 experiment station act. 



By the middle of the last century, the discussion for 

 institutions or agencies to make experiments in agri- 

 culture was well under way. It was not till 1875, how- 

 ever, that any legislative body made an appropriation 

 for the establishing of such an institution. This was 

 in Connecticut. Other stations followed jn several 

 states, some of them under direct legislative enact- 

 ment and others being organizations within colleges 

 or college departments of agriculture. These move- 

 ments were marked in North Carolina, New York, 

 New Jersey, Ohio, Massachusetts, and other states. 

 The movement in the United States for a national 

 system of experiment stations took form in a bill for 

 the purpose introduced into Congress in 1882 by Hon. 

 C. C. Carpenter of Iowa. The bill finally to become a 

 law was introduced in the House of Representatives 

 by Hon. William H. Hatch of Missouri; this became 

 law March 2, 1887, by the signature of President 



76 



EXPERIMENT STATIONS 1195 



Cleveland. It appropriates $15,000 to each state for 

 the purpose of establishing an agricultural experi- 

 ment station, to be located at the land-grant college 

 unless the state shall determine otherwise. 



A second act, supplementing the Hatch Act, was 

 approved March 16, 1906, by President Roosevelt, it 

 having been introduced and carried to passage by Hon. 

 Henry C. Adams, of Wisconsin. This appropriates 

 $15,000 to each state "for the more complete endow- 

 ment and maintenance" of the stations, with the under- 

 standing and requirement that it shall support funda- 

 mental researches. About $1,500,000 is therefore 

 expended annually by the federal government for the 

 maintenance of experiment stations in the forty-eight 

 states, aside from similar grants for stations in Porto 

 Rico and Hawaii, expenditures in the Philippines 

 through the War Department, and in Alaska and Guam 

 directly through the United States Department of 

 Agriculture; and there is also a large and important 

 expenditure in the Department of Agriculture itself, 

 both for supervision and for investigation. The states 

 also contribute heavily to the experiment station work. 

 The total revenue in the United States for the year 

 ended June 30, 1912 was $4,068,240.09. 



By law, reports are to be issued at least quarterly 

 by the different experiment stations. These institu- 

 tions are now issuing numerous bulletins, circulars and 

 reports on an astonishing range of subjects and of the 

 greatest importance to the people. The publications 

 of the United States Department of Agriculture are 

 very extensive and of the highest technical and gen- 

 eral value. 



In Canada, the experiment station movement was 

 practically parallel with that in the United States. The 

 Act for a dominion system was passed in 1886. One 

 central station, or "central experimental farm," was 

 established at Ottawa, and the stations in the prov- 

 inces are branches of it and under the administration 

 of its director. The grant of Parliament for the year 

 1913-1914 for the maintenance of the system of 

 experimental farms was $900,000. 



In both the United States and Canada, horticulture 

 is one of the important subjects of experiment and 

 research. Usually this work is in charge of a separate 

 officer, commonly known as a "horticulturist;" and the 

 number of associates and helpers may be several or 

 many. The extent of horticultural research is now- 

 large and it is rapidly increasing. Persons desiring to 

 be in touch with this work should apply to the experi- 

 ment station in the state or province or to the national 

 department; and a list of these institutions is given 

 below. For further history and discussion of Experi- 

 ment Stations in the two countries, see pp. 422-430, 

 Vol. IV, Cyclo. Amer. Agric. 



In the United States the address of the experiment 

 station and of the college of agriculture is usually the 

 same post-office. In New York, there is a state station 

 at Geneva as well as the federal station and college at 

 Ithaca; in Ohio, the experiment station is at Wooster, 

 and the college is part of the State University at 

 Columbus; in Georgia, the station is at Experiment 

 and the college at Athens, in the University; in Con- 

 necticut, the federal station is at New Haven, and the 

 college at Storrs; in other states the post-offices of the 

 two are the same. 



Canada. 



The Dominion or headquarters institution is the 

 Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario. 



Alberta. 



Experimental Station, Lacombe. 



Experimental Station, Lethbridge. 

 British Columbia. 



Experimental Farm, Agassiz. 



Experiment Stations, at Invermere, and at Sidney 

 on Vancouver Island. 



