FORSYTHIA 



FORTUNELLA 



1269 



1562. Forsythia viridis- 

 sima. (X 1 A) 



F . intermedia is often confounded with forms of F. 

 suspensa. In foliage it resembles much the following, 

 which has the Ivs. narrower, always simple, usually 

 serrate only above the middle, with smaller teeth. It 

 is as hardy as F. suspensa and very floriferous. 



AA. Lvs. always simple: 

 branches, at least in 

 their upper part, with 

 lamellate pith through- 

 out, including the 

 nodes: habit upright. 

 viridissima, Lindl. Figs. 

 1561, 1562. Shrub, to 10 ft., 

 with green, 

 erect bran- 

 ches: Ivs. ob- 

 long-lanceo- 

 late or lanceo- 

 late, always 

 simple, and 

 generally ser- 

 rate only above the 

 middle, very dark 

 green, 3-6 in. long: 

 fls. 1-3, about 1 in. 

 long; corolla with 

 rather narrow, twisted lobes of 

 bright, somewhat greenish yel- 

 low; calyx about half as long as 

 tube. China. B.M. 4587. F.S. 

 3:261. B.R. 33:39. H.F. 1852: 

 97. J.H. 111.65:423. Gn. 33, p. 

 563. G.2:65;28:39. A.G. 13:94. 

 Var variegata, Hort. Lvs. varie- 

 gated with white. Less hardy 

 and graceful than the preceding forms. 



europaea, Degen & Baldacci. Upright shrub to 6 ft.: 

 Ivs. usually ovate to ovate-lanceolate, entire or at the 

 end of vigorous shoots with shallow teeth, 2-3 in. long: 

 fls. 1-3, about 1 in. long, short-pedicelled, golden yel- 

 low; calyx-lobes ovate-ciliate, shorter than the corolla- 

 tube: caps, ovoid, about J^in. long. Albania. B.M. 

 8039. Gt. 54, p. 291. G.C. III. 36:123. J.H.S. 29: 

 663. F.E. 18:348. 



F. Giraldi&na, Lingelsh. Upright shrub: Ivs. elliptic to oblong, 

 long-acuminate, broadly cuneate at the base, entire or serrulate, 

 glabrous or hairy on the veins beneath, 2-5 in. long: fls. short- 

 stalked: caps, ovoid with a long and slender beak. N. W. China. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



FORTUNEARIA (after Robert Fortune, who trav- 

 eled during the years 1843-61 in China and Japan and 

 introduced a large number of highly ornamental plants). 

 Hamameliddce3e. Ornamental shrub, grown for its 

 handsome foliage. 



Stellate-pubescent: Ivs. deciduous, alternate, serrate, 

 with small caducous stipules: fls. small, short-pedicelled, 

 in terminal racemes; calyx turbinate with 5 short 

 lobes; petals 5, subulate, slightly shorter than sepals; 

 stamens 5, with short filaments; ovary partly superior 

 with 2 filiform re volute styles: fr. a dehiscent woody 

 caps., separating into 2 valves bifid at the apex; seeds 

 glossy, dark brown; embryo with large cotyledons revo- 

 lute at the margin. One species in Cent. China. Very 

 similar in habit and foliage to Sinowilsonia, but the fls. 

 and the embryo are very different. In general appear- 

 ance it suggests the hazel; fls. and frs. insignificant. 

 Has proved hardy at the Arnold Arboretum. Prop, is 

 by seeds and possibly by grafting on Hamamelis. 



sinensis, Rehd. & Wilson. Shrub to 6 ft.: Ivs. obo- 

 vate or obovate- oblong, short -acuminate, usually 

 rounded at the base, sinuate-denticulate, glabrous 

 above, pubescent on the veins below, 3-5J^ in. long: 

 fls. scarcely J^in. across in racemes about 2 in. long: 

 caps, ovoid, less than >in. long. May. Cent. China. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



FORTUNELLA (named for Robert Fortune, who in 

 1846 introduced the first kumquat into Europe). 

 Rutacex, tribe Citreae. KUMQUAT. Evergreen shrubs, 

 grown for then* small ornamental fruits, which are also 

 preserved and eaten fresh. See Kumquat. 



Leaves unifoliate, thick, pale and densely glandular- 

 dotted below: stamens 4 times as many as the petals, 

 polyadelphous; ovary 3-6- (rarely 7-) celled, ovules 2 

 in each cell; stigma cavernous: frs. like Citrus but 

 smaller, 1-1 y% in. diam., globose or oval, skin usually 

 thick, sweet and edible; seeds green in section, cotyle- 

 dons hypogeous in germination: first fotiage-lvs. broadly 

 ovate, opposite. Differs from Citrus in having a few- 

 celled ovary with only 2 ovules in a cell, and a cav- 

 ernous stigma; from Atalantia in having 4 times as 

 many stamens as petals. Four species are recognized. 



The two commonly cultivated species of kumquats 

 have been referred by botanists to Citrus, but the 

 obviously related Hongkong wild kumquat has been 

 referred to Atalantia. The kumquats are, as a matter 

 of fact, out of place either in Citrus or Atalantia and 

 constitute a separate genus about midway between these 

 two. See Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5:165-176 (No. 5, 

 March 4) 1915. 



A. Subgenus Eufortunetta. Fr. 4~, 5-, 6- (or rarely 7-) 

 celled, pulp vesicles abundant, their stalks arising 

 from the smooth ovary wall, peel of fr. thick and 

 fleshy. The kumquats proper. 



margarita, Swingle (Citrus margarita, Lour.). Figs. 

 1563, 1564. OVAL KUMQUAT. NAGAMI KUMQUAT. A 

 shrub or small tree, thornless or nearly so: twigs slen- 

 der, angled when young, often somewhat tufted: Ivs. 

 lanceolate, tapering toward both ends, the tip abruptly 

 rounded, sometimes emarginate, the base cuneate, 

 margin usually obscurely crenate above the middle, 

 dark green above, veins scarcely visible, pale green and 

 densely glandular-punctate below: fls. arising singly 

 or in few-fid, clusters in the axils of the Ivs., small, 

 %-^in. diam.; pedicel short, 1^-2^ lines long; bud 

 more or less angular in cross section; pistil short, 2-2 J^ 

 lines; style persistent, scarcely longer than the ovary; 

 stigma capitate, cavernous, with large, deep-seated oil- 

 glands between the stylar canals; ovary 4- or 5-celled, 

 ovules 2 in a cell, usually collateral: frs. oval or oblong, 

 1-1 y*> x f-1 in., rarely 1 J^-l ^ in. long, yellowish orange 

 with large translucent oil-glands imbedded in the thick 

 and fleshy skin; pulp-vesicles abundant, fusiform, pulp 

 acid ; seeds large, 5-6 x 3-3 % x 2-2 }/ lines, oval ; embryos 

 one or several, pistache-green in section; germination 

 with hypogeous cotyledons: first foh'age-lvs. opposite, 



1563. Leaves of Fortunella. (X}^)1, F. margarita; 2, F. japonica; 

 3, F. crassifolia; 4, F. Hindsii. 



