1270 



FORTUNELLA 



FOTHERGILLA 



oval, narrowed at the base but without a sharply delim- 

 ited jointed petiole. B.M. 6128. G.C. II. 2:336. Hume, 

 Citr. Fr. p. 129. The oval kumquat, the type of the 

 genus Fortunella, is the most vigorous member of the 

 genus, the branched shrub or tree attaining a height 

 of 10-12 ft. and the Ivs. sometimes reaching 6 in. length 



1564. Fruits with cross-sections of Fortunella. ( X 1 A) I, F. 

 margarita; 2, F. japonica; 3, F. crassifolia; 4, F. Hindsii. 



and 2 in. width. It was the first kumquat to reach Eu., 

 having been brought to England by Robert Fortune in 

 1846. Because of its superior vigor it is the one most 

 commonly grown commercially, but the frs. are inferior 

 to those of the following species, the skin being harsh 

 hi flavor because of the biting quality of the oil. 



japonica, Swingle (Citrus japonica, Thunb.). ROUND 

 KUMQUAT. MARUMI KUMQUAT. Figs. 1563-1565. A 

 much-branched shrub with very short spines or none: 

 differs from F. margarita in the broader and blunter 

 pointed smaller Ivs., 1JHH4 x %-!% in., paler and vein- 

 less below, round frs. | l^in. diam., not showing any 

 persistent rudiment of the style, and usually with 5-6 

 segms.: seeds small, 3J^~5 x3-3J^ x2-2J^ lines, oval, 

 blunt-pointed, the empty testa not projecting beyond 

 the end of the embryo. 111. Rumph. Herb. Amb. 1 : 110, 

 pi. 31. Thunb. Icon. PI. jap. 2, pi. 5. Hume, Citr. Fr. 

 p. 129. The round kumquat is perhaps the most hand- 

 some of the citrous frs. because of its dwarf habit, much- 

 branched twigs, and small, bright orange-colored frs. 



crassifolia, Swingle. MEIWA KUMQUAT. Figs. 1563, 

 1564. A much-branched shrub with very short spines 

 or none: differs from F. margarita hi the more rounded 

 frs. 1-1 ^2 x 1-1 % in., with 6 or 7 cells, not 4 or 5, and in 

 the thicker trough-shaped Ivs. sometimes more abruptly 

 pointed toward the tip, and paler green below : petioles 

 narrowly winged, not merely margined. It differs from 

 F. japonica in the If. characters and the slightly oval 

 frs. with 6 or 7 cells and a thicker peel. It differs from 

 both species in having much broader oval or ovate pulp- 

 vesicles. This kumquat recently intro. into the U. S. by 

 Japanese nurserymen is as yet but little known. 



AA. Subgenus Protodtrus. Fr. S-4-ceUed, having 

 between the stalks of the pulp-vesicles many minute 

 wart-like, pale yellow cellular masses, peel of fr. 

 thin and but slightly fleshy. The Honakong wild 

 kumquat. 



Hindsii, Swingle (Sclerostylis Hindsii, Champ. Ata- 

 Idntia Hindsii, Oliver). HONGKONG WILD KUMQUAT. 



Figs. 1563, 1564. A spiny 

 shrub or small tree: 

 twigs slender, 

 angled when 

 young: Ivs. 

 oval-ellipti- 

 cal, tapering 

 sharply at 

 both ends, dark green 

 above and faintly venose, 

 paler and venose below, 

 petioles winged, often 

 merging into the lamina 



1565. Buds and flower of of the If. without a sep- 

 Fortunella japonica. arative joint: fls. short, 



/ 



broad; pistil very short; style shorter than the ovary, 

 stigma large, cavernous; ovary 3- or 4-celled, ovules 2 

 in a cell: frs. small, K-^in. subglobose, bright orange- 

 red; pulp- vesicles very few, small, fusiform; seeds thick, 

 oval or ovate, plump, 4*^-5^ x 3*4-4 x2>-3 lines, 

 pistache- green in section. 111. Seeman, Bot. Voy. H. 

 M. S. Herald, 1852-1857, pi. 82. The Hongkong wild 

 kumquat grows commonly on the dry hills about Hong- 

 kong and on the mainland of China opposite. It is the 

 most primitive of the true citrous frs. and doubtless the 

 species of Citrus have evolved from such a plant. 



WALTER T. SWINGLE. 



1566. Fothergilla. Leaves of F. Gardenii and flowers of 

 F. major. 



FOTHERGILLA (after John Fothergill, eminent 

 English physician, who introduced and cultivated 

 many new plants, 1712-1780). Hamamelidacese. DWARF 

 ALDER. Shrubs, chiefly grown for their showy spikes of 

 white flowers and also for the handsome foliage. 



Deciduous, more or less stellate -pubescent: Ivs. 

 alternate, short-petioled, coarsely toothed, stipulate: 

 fls. in terminal spikes, perfect, apetalous; calyx cam- 

 panulate, 5-7-lobed; stamens numerous, with the fila- 

 ments thickened toward the end: caps, dehiscent, 

 2-celled and 2-seeded. Four species in the southern 

 Atlantic states. 



These are hardy ornamental shrubs with simple, 

 dull green leaves, and showy spikes of white flowers in 

 spring with the leaves: the distinct foliage resembles 

 somewhat that of the alder, or more that of Hamamelis, 

 and turns yellow late in fall. They grow best in moist, 

 peaty or sandy soil. Propagation is by seeds, not ger- 

 minating until the second year, or by layers, which 

 take two years to root; the first species also by suckers 

 and root-cuttings. 



A. Lvs. rarely exceeding 1 in., stellate-pubescent above: 

 low shrub. 



Gardenii, Murr. (F. alnifolia, Linn. f. F. Carolina, 

 Brit.). Fig. 1566. Low shrub, with generally spreading 

 branches, to 3 ft.: Ivs. oblong or obovate, rounded 

 or cuneate at the base, coarsely dentate above the 

 middle, pubescent above, pale or glaucous and tomen- 

 tose below, 1-2 in. long: spikes ovate or oblong, 1-2 

 in. long, leafless at the base; stamens Y^va. long, some- 

 times pinkish. April, May. Va. to Ga. B.M. 1341. 

 L.B.C. 16:1507. 



