FOTHERGILLA 



1271 



AA. Lvs. 2-5 in. long, glabrous or glabrescent above: 

 shrubs to 10 ft. high. 



monticola, Ashe. Fig. 1567. Upright shrub with 

 spreading branches: Ivs. roundish oval to broadly obo- 



vate or obovate, 

 remotely dentate, 

 often from below 

 the middle, light 

 green and sparingly 

 pubescent below, 

 often only on the 

 veins, 2-4 in. long: 

 spikes lJHj-3 in. 

 long with 1-3 Ivs. 

 at the base; sta- 

 mens Kin- long: 

 caps. J^in. long. 

 April, May. N. C. to 

 Ala. Has proved 

 hardy at the Arnold 

 Arboretum, like the 

 preceding and the 

 following species. 



major, Lodd. (F. 

 alnifolia var. major, Sims). Fig. 

 1566. Upright shrub of dense 

 pyramidal habit: Ivs. oval or 

 obovate, cordate or truncate at 

 the base, sinuately dentate 

 above the middle or nearly 

 entire, dark green and somewhat 

 glossy above, glaucous and more 

 or less stellate-pubescent below, 

 at least on the veins, of firm 

 texture, 23^-5 in. long: fls. like 

 in the preceding species. April, 

 May. Known only from cult, 

 plants. B.M. 1342. L.B.C. 16: 

 1520. G.F. 8:445 (excl. Ivs. and 

 frs.). M.D.G. 1902:395, 396. 

 This species is superior to the 

 former on account of its dense, 

 pyramidal habit. 



F . parvifldra, Kearney. Closely related to F. Gardenii. Lower 

 and stoloniferous: Ivs. nearly orbicular, rounded or cordate at the 

 base, toothed from below the middle. N. C. to Fla. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



FOUQUIERIA (Pierre Ed. Fouquier, professor of 

 medicine at Paris in the first part of the nineteenth 

 century). Fouquieriacese. CANDLEWOOD. Four species 

 from the deserts of Mexico and one extending into the 

 United States and sometimes cultivated in the larger 

 rockeries of California. These plants are interesting 

 as being an example of an order far removed from the 

 Cactacese in flowers and fruit but reduced to something 

 of their habit by the desert conditions. 



Small trees or shrubs, becoming leafless in dry 

 weather, with showy tubular fls. in terminal racemes 

 or panicles: Ivs. fleshy, obovate, fascicled in the axils 

 of thorns: sepals 5; corolla with a spreading 5-lobed 

 limb; stamens 10-ao; styles 3, separate or united: 

 seeds with a membranous wing or fringed with long 

 hairs. Fouquieria is by some authors retained in 

 the Tamaricaceae. 



splendens, Engelm. COACH-WHIP. VINE-CACTUS. 

 JACOB'S STAFF. OCOTILLO. Shrub, 6-25 ft., branch- 

 ing near the base : branches long, gray, furrowed, erect : 

 Ivs. obovate, rounded at apex, wedge-shaped at base, 

 K-l in. long: fls. scarlet or brick-red, exceeding 1 in. 

 long, in racemose or thyrsoid elongated clusters; 

 stamens 8-12, exserted: caps, %-%'m. long, the seeds 

 white, with a long fringe of spirally thickened hairs. 

 W. Texas and Ariz, to S. Calif. B.M. 8318. A.G. 

 13: 759. A hedge plant in Mex., making an impentra- 

 ble barrier. The plant is a conspicuous object in the 



1567. Fothergilla 

 monticola. (X%) 



deserts from Texas westward, standing on the open 

 exposed places and slopes, the rod-like stiff canes look- 

 ing like lifeless sticks in dry weather and in its season 

 crowned with masses of showy bloom. L. jj_ g + 



FOURCROYA: Furcrsea. 

 FOUR-O'CLOCK: Mirabilis Jalapa. 

 FOXGLOVE: Digitalis. 



FRAGARIA (Latin, fragrance, from the smell of the 

 fruit) . Rosacese. STRAWBERRY. Low perennial creeping 

 herbs grown for the excellent fruit, and one or two 

 species for ornament. 



Plant stemless, with scaly rootstock or crown, and 

 rooting runners: Ivs. palmately 3-foliolate and toothed, 

 all from the crown : fls. white or reddish, in corymbose 

 racemes on slender, leafless scapes, sometimes lacking 

 stamens; calyx deeply 5-lobed and reinforced by 5 

 sepal-like bracts; petals 5, obovate, elliptic or orbicular; 

 stamens many, short; pistils many, on a conical recep- 

 tacle, becoming small and hard achenes and persist- 

 ing on the enlarging receptacle, which becomes pulpy 

 and edible. The fragarias are exceedingly variable. 

 About 150 specific names have been applied to them, 

 but Bentham and Hooker would reduce them all to 

 3 or 4 species, and Focke (in Engler & Prantl) to about 

 8. Rydberg, however, accepts 27 N. American species 

 (N. Amer. Flora, XXII, part 4. 1908). Of the true 

 fragarias, about 4 species-types are interesting to the 

 horticulturist as the parents of the garden strawberries : 

 F. chiloensis, the probable original of the ordinary cul- 

 tivated strawberries of Amer. ; F. virginiana, which was 

 early domesticated, and of which some trace still remains 

 in cult, varieties; F. moschata, the Hautbois, and F. 

 vesca, the alpine and perpetual strawberries, which are 

 little cult, in this country. The classical work on straw- 



1568. Fragaria chiloensis. 



