1280 



FRITILLARIA 



FRITILLARIA 



attached to a thin rhizomatous base, and the stems 

 are 4 to 12 inches high and very leafy at the base; 

 in the second group the bulbs are of one piece, and low- 

 conical in form, their sides thickly covered with small, 

 round, white rice-like offsets, and the slender stems 

 are 1 to 3 feet high and leafy above the base. For 

 the first group Purdy recommends a rich loam, and a 

 slight shade to draw out the stems and prolong the 

 bloom; for the second group a light, loose soil, rich in 

 mold, a sheltered place and considerable shade. At 

 the best these are not profuse in their bloom. 



The key to the various subgenera here given is 

 essentially Baker's in his monograph in Jour. Linn. 

 Soc. 14:251 (1875); it rarely happens that the botanical 

 and horticultural interests agree in using such simple 

 and obvious characters as those of the bulb and style. 

 The nectaries or glands are less useful and reliable, but 

 they help to explain the natural groups in this varied 

 genus. 



INDEX. 



KEY TO THE SUBGENERA. 



A. Bulbs tunicated (i.e., coated). 

 B. Style 3-cut. 



c. Glands distinct and promi- 

 nent, equal. 



D. Glands long 



DD. Glands wide 



cc. Glands obscure, equal, long. . 

 BB. Style undivided. 



C. Glands equal, obscure 



cc. Glands unequal, prominent. 



D. Glands long 



DD. Glands short 



AA. Bulbs scaly. 



B. Style undivided 



BB. Style 5-cut. 



c. Caps, acutely angled. 



D. Fls. solitary or racemose.. 



DD. Fls. in umbels 



cc. Caps, obtusely angled 



Species. Subgenera. 



1. EUFRITILLARIA 

 2-14. MONOCODON 

 NOTHOLIRION 



15-17. AMBLIRION 



18. KOROLKOWIA 

 RHINOPETALUM 



19-21. THERESIA 



22-25. GONIOCARPA 



26. PETILITJM 

 27-30. LILIORHIZA 



1. meleagris, Linn. CHECKERED LILY. SNAKE'S- 

 HEAD. Figs. 1580-1582. St. 1 ft. or more high: Ivs. 

 3 or 4, linear or lanceolate, typically 1-fld. : fl. dull red 

 with the inside checkered and spotted with higher 

 color; segms. oblong, narrowed at both ends, about 

 1^ in. long, the inner ones bearing an oblong or linear 

 cavity; fls. sometimes white or yellowish, or purplish 

 and more or less checkered. England and Norway, 

 through Cent. Eu. to Caucasus. Gn. 32:536; 47, p. 

 330; 52, p. 243. The Dutch bulb-growers keep several 

 kinds distinct. The extremes of color-range are (1) 

 a greenish white, (2) a sufficient degree of purple to 

 make the checkering as distinct as possible, and (3) 

 an approach to yellow. Some kinds bear 2-3 fls.; some 

 are double; some fls. spread so widely as to be almost 

 funnel-shaped. Var. alba, Hort. White. G. 29:355. 

 Gn.W. 21:221. Var. cont6rta, an old monstrosity, 

 instead of segms. free all the way, and a shouldered 

 base, has the lower third of the perianth united into 

 a funnel-shaped tube. The yellow of some fls. is con- 

 jectured to be the result of a cross with F. lutea made 

 before Gerarde's time. In England the species flowers 

 toward the end of April. G. 18:182; 35:273. J.H. III. 



1580. Stamens 



and pistil of 



Fritillaria 



Meleagris. 



From Flora 

 Danica, show- 

 ing the 3-cut 



52:329. Gn.M. 10:117; 12:228. Gn. 61, p. 306 (vars.) 

 G.M. 52:770. 



2. Whittallii, Baker. Height 1 ft.: st. 1-fld.: Ivs. 

 linear, glaucous: fls. checkered green and brown; nec- 

 taries orbicular. Mt. Taurus. 



3. tubaeformis, Gren. & Godr. (F. delphinensis, 

 Gren.). St. 6-12 in., often only 1-fld.: Ivs. above mid- 

 dle of st. oblanceolate to linear: fls. wine- 

 purple, spotted yellow and somewhat 

 checkered, inodorous; segms. obtuse. 

 Alps. Distinguished by the glands 3-4 

 lines long and stigmas very short. Baker 

 gives the same color-range as for F. 

 meleagris. The most desirable form is 

 var. M6ggridgei, Boiss. (F . Moggridgei, 

 Hort.), with bright yellow, checkered 

 inside with bright red or reddish brown. 

 This is a dwarfer form from the mari- 

 time Alps with wider Ivs. (6-9 lines), 

 longer stigmatic cusps, approaching F. 

 lutea, and essentially yellow-fld. G.C. 

 II. 13:533. Gn. 18:132. F.M. 1880: 

 405. It blooms early. Var. Burnatii, 



stigma, an im- Planch., bright plum-color, checkered 

 acter n in this greenish yellow: fl. solitary, broadly bell- 

 genus, shaped, smaller, earlier and with smaller 

 glands. 



4. verticillata, Willd. (F. leucdntha, Fisch.). Height 

 1^ ft.: sts. simple, often 1-, sometimes 2-5-fld.: Ivs. 

 near the middle of the st., ovate and tapering toward 

 the apex: fls. white or yellow, with small darker spots 

 at the base. Altai Mts. B.M. 3083. In the type the 

 Ivs. are numerous, 20-40: anthers barely half as long 

 as the filaments : style no longer than the ovary, but in 

 var. Thunbergii, Hort. (F. Thunbergii, Miq.), the upper 

 IVs. are often sparse: anthers as long as the filaments; 

 style lJ^-2 times as long as the ovary. G.C. II. 13:532. 

 It is doubtful whether the yellow-fld. form is cult. 



5. Walujewi, Regel. Probably belongs here, as its 

 linear Ivs. have tendrils: st. 1 ft.: fls. silver-white or 

 lead-colored outside and crimson-brown spotted white 

 or yellow inside. Turkestan. Gn. 52:243. 



6. ruthenica, 'Wikst. Height 1-2 ft.: st. 1-3-fld.: 

 Ivs. 6-20, linear-lanceolate: fls. livid purple, obscurely 

 checkered. Caucasus. 



7-9. lutea, Miller, and its allies F. latifdlia, Willd., 

 and F. aurea, Schott. These 3 names may be taken as 

 representing the 3 well-marked types of color: F. lutea 

 an intermediate form, essentially yellow, but greenish, 

 and with the purple checker-marks duller in color and 

 not so sharply defined and regular. F . latifolia repre- 

 senting the extreme of dark purple and 

 green without yellow; F. aurea, at the 

 other extreme, being essentially yellow, 

 the checker marks smaller and more 

 sharply defined, and the colors bright. In 

 this sense the pictures may be referred to 

 the types as follows: B.M. 1538 to F. 

 lutea; B.M. 853 and 1207 to F. latifolia; 

 B.M. 7374, R.H. 1878, p. 287, Gn. 42: 

 72, J.H. III. 28:357, to F. aurea. F. 

 latifolia represents the extreme width of 

 Ivs., and F. aurea is said to differ in 

 having the lower Ivs. often whorled. All 

 these grow 3^-1 ft. high. One of the most 

 anciently cult, of all fritillaries is F. lutea, 

 which is found promiscuously mingled with the wider- 

 Ivd. form, both wild and cult. At present the most 

 popular of the 3 is probably F. aurea. The Dutch bulb- 

 growers advertise several varieties of F. latifolia. These 

 3 species are fom S. W. Asia. F. lutea. St. often 1-fld.: 

 Ivs. alternate, linear-lanceolate: fls. yellow, more or 

 less marked or suffused with purple; segms. oblong- 

 lanceolate. F. latifdlia (F. lutea var. latifolia) has 



1581. Strange 



form of doub- 

 ling in the 



checkered lily, 

 pictured as 



early as 1613. 



