G 



GAGEA (Sir Thomas Gage, British botanist, died 

 1820). Liliacese. Seventy-five or more small herbs of 

 Eu., N. Afr. and east to China and Japan, allied to 

 Ornithogalum, mostly hardy and sometimes grown in 

 the open. Fls. white, yellow or rose, few on the top 

 of the mostly low peduncle or scape: Ivs. radical, mostly 

 only 1, and sometimes on the st. and represented by 

 bracts under the umbel: perianth persistent, with dis- 

 tinct segms.; stamens 6; ovary sessile or short-stipi- 

 tate, 3-loculed: bulbs small. The gageas require the 

 cult, of ornithogalums. They appear not to be in the 

 American trade. G. Liotardii, Schult. f., the gold-star, 

 is from Eu. and eastward; a well-recommended alpine, 

 4-6 in. high, with yellow fls., making grassy mats: 

 radical If. usually 1, fistulose; scape-lvs. 2, one of them 

 larger and at base convolute. 

 G. lutea, Ker (G. fascicularis, 

 Salisb.), the yellow star-of-Beth- 

 lehem has yellow fls. with backs 

 of segms. green, opening only in 

 forenoon: radical If. 1, linear, 6- 

 18 in. long: scape short, with 1- 

 3 bracts. Eu. to Himalayas. 

 B.M. 1200. G. bracteplaris, 

 Salisb. (G. stenopetala, Reichb.), 

 is pale yellow: If. 1 at base, lin- 

 ear-lanceolate and glaucous; st.- 

 Ivs. opposite, lanceolate, pubes- 

 cent and fringed. Eu. 



L. H. B. 



GAILLARDIA (named for M. 

 Gaillard, a patron of botany in 

 France). Composite?. Showy- an- 

 nual and perennial herbs largely 

 cultivated in borders and flower- 

 gardens. 



Leaves alternate, more or less 

 toothed, and spotted : fls. in soli- 

 tary and usually very showy 

 heads, the rays yellow and red 

 and always neutral, the disk-fls. 

 purple and fertile; involucre 

 broad, the bracts in 2 or 3 series, 

 hairy; ligules 3-toothed or 3-cleft, 

 giying a fringed appearance to 

 the fls. There are 12 species, 

 all American, mostlv from the 

 far W. 



There are two types of gail r 

 lardias, the annual forms, which are 

 derived from G. pulchella and G. amblyo- 

 don, chiefly from the former; and the 

 perennials, which issue from G. aristata. 

 The gaillardias are conspicuous for pro- 

 fusion and duration of flowers. A constant 

 succession is produced all summer until 

 very late into the autumn. Besides their 

 use as border or bedding plants they are 

 good for cut-flowers, as they last well in 

 water. They thrive best in light, open, 

 well-drained soil, and should have full 

 sunlight and air. In heavy or wet soils the 

 plants are often winterkilled. The peren- 

 nial forms are propagated by division, 

 seeds or cuttings in August or September; 

 also by root-cuttings in early spring. They 



1613. Gaillardia pulchella var. picta. ( X %) 



1614. Gaillardia pulchella, 

 the form known as G. Loren- 

 ziana. (XH) 



(1307) 



usually do not breed true from seed and as better 

 plants are produced by cuttings it is the most satisfac- 

 tory method of propagation. G. grandiflora and its 

 many varieties are garden forms of 

 G. aristata (see Gt. 49, p. 583. G. 

 7:499). Some of the more recent in- 

 troductions have highly colored flow- 

 ers of extraordinary size, at least 4 to 

 5 inches in diameter. Another kind 

 has quilled florets (G. fistulosd) of 

 which Buffalo Bill is an excellent 

 example, a large, pure yellow with 

 a narrow disk. Vivian Grey is also a 

 remarkable and most distinct form, 

 with clear yellow fringed rays, and 

 disk of the same color. More recent 

 introductions include G. kermesina 

 splendens with narrow canary-yellow 

 rays and rich crimson disk, and G. 

 sulphurea oculata with pale sulfur, 

 and bright maroon disk-flowers. Other 

 trade names referable to no botanical 

 species are G. hybrida grandiflora, 

 G. Josephus, G. semiplena, and G. Loi- 

 selii (=pictaLoiselii, H.F. 11.8:329?). 



A. Annual gaillardias: fls. normally 

 mostly red. 



amblyodon, Gay. One to 2 ft., 

 erect, leafy, hirsute: lys. oblong or 

 spatulate, sessile and auriculate, entire 

 or nearly so: lobes (or teeth) of disk- 

 corollas short and obtuse; rays numer- 

 ous, brown-red or maroon through- 

 out their length. Texas. F.S.21:2149. 

 Somewhat cult, amongst garden 

 annuals, and worthy. 



pulchella, Foug. Erect, branching, 

 12-20 in., soft-pubescent: Ivs. oblong, 

 lanceolate or spatulate, rather soft, 

 nearly sessile, either entire or the 

 lower ones lyrate-pinnatifid : lobes of 

 disk-fls. acute or awned; heads 2 in. 

 across, the flat rays yellow at top and 

 rose-purple at base. Ark. and La. to 

 Ariz. B.M. 1602; 3551 (as G. tricolor). 



Var. picta, Gray (G. picta, Hort.). 

 Fig. 1613. The common garden form 

 under cult., having larger heads and 

 of various colors. B.M. 3368. R.H. 

 1852:20. V. 16:181. In one form (G. 

 fistulosa, G. tubulbsa, G. Lorenziana, Hort.), 

 the ray-florets and sometimes the disk- 

 florets are enlarged and tubular. Fig. 1614. 

 R.H. 1881, p. 377; 1885:156. 



AA. Perennial gaillardias: fls. nor- 

 mally yellow. 



aristata, Pursh (G. grandiflora, G. lutea, 

 G. maxima, and G. perennis, Hort.). Erect, 

 2-3 ft.: Ivs. rather thick, lanceolate or 

 oblong, sometimes spatulate, varying from 

 entire to sinuate pinnatifid : lobes of disk- 

 corollas acute or awned; heads 3-4 in. 

 across, the flat rays yellow, or in cult, 

 varying to red (particularly at the base). 

 Plains W. B.M. 2940. B.R. 1186. Gng. 



