GOOSEBERRY 



GOURD 



1361 



cases but to secure satisfactory results the weather must 

 be favorable and the bushes sprayed from four to six 

 times or more. In some cases it has been found that 

 it is not practicable to control the mildew with this 

 spray; furthermore under certain conditions the foliage 

 of some varieties is injured by the spray. Bordeaux 

 mixture when the leaf-buds are breaking and again 

 just before blooming is a partial preventive. 



Leaf -spot, rust (Septoria ribis). The disease which 

 causes the spotting of gooseberry leaves and their fall- 

 ing prematurely is the same as that which affects 

 currants, and may be dealt with in the same way. 



W. T. MACOUN. 



GOOSEBERRY, BARBADOES: Pereskia. 

 GOOSEFOOT: Chenopodium. 



GORDONIA (after James Gordon, an English nur- 

 seryman; died 1780). Theacex. Including Franklinia. 

 Ornamental woody plants grown for their showy white 

 flowers and handsome foliage. 



Evergreen or deciduous trees or shrubs: Ivs. alter- 

 nate, petioled, entire or serrate: fls. solitary, axillary; 

 sepals and petals 5; stamens numerous; ovary superior, 

 3-6-celled, each cell with 4 or numerous ovules; style 

 slender, with a 3-6-lobed stigma: caps. 3-6-celled, 

 woody, dehiscent, with few or many winged seeds in 

 each cell. About 15 species in Subtrop. and Trop. 

 Asia and 2 in the S. Atlantic States. 



The gordonias have very handsome shining foliage, 

 and produce their large white flowers even on rather 

 small plants. Only G. alatamaha is hardy north to 

 Massachusetts, while the others are cultivated only in 

 subtropical regions. They grow best in a somewhat 

 moist, peaty, or sandy soil. Propagated by seeds, layers 

 or cuttings from half-ripened wood under glass. 



A. Foliage deciduous. 



alatamaha, Sarg. (G. pubescens, L'Her. Franklinia 

 alatamdha, Marsh.). Shrub or tree, to 30 ft.: Ivs. obo- 

 vate-oblong, narrowed into a short petiole, sparingly 

 serrate, bright green and shining above, pubescent 

 below, turning scarlet in fall, 5-6 in. long: fls. short- 

 pedicelled, pure white, about 3 in. across; petals 

 roundish obovate, with crenulate margin, concave: 

 caps, globular. Sept., Oct. Ga., but not found again 

 since 1790. S.S. 1:22. Mn. 6:201. Gng. 7:167. 

 M.D.G. 1899:25. F.E. 30:863. C.L. A. 2:34. One of 

 the few trees that flower in autumn. It does well in 

 Mass, in sheltered positions or with slight protection, 

 and blooms freely every year. A large tree in the 

 Bartram garden, near Philadelphia, was long sup- 

 posed to be the only living specimen of G. alatamaha. 

 All other specimens in cult, are believed to have been 

 prop, from the Bartram tree, which has lately died. 

 All efforts since 1790 to rediscover this tree in the S. 

 have failed. 



AA. Foliage evergreen. 



Lasianthus, Ellis. LOBLOLLY BAY. Tree, to 60 ft., 

 usually shrubby in cult.: Ivs. obovate-lanceolate, nar- 

 rowed into a short petiole, crenately dentate, dark green 

 and shining above, glabrous, 4-6 in. long: fls. long- 

 pedicelled, white, 2-2 H in. across; petals oblong- 

 obovate; stamens short: caps, ovate. July, Aug. Va. 

 to Fla. and Miss. S.S. 1:21. B.M. 668. I.T. 2:41. 



axillaris, Szyszylowicz (G. anomala, Spreng.). Large 

 shrub: Ivs. oblanceolate, narrowed into a very short 

 petiole, entire or serrate, dark green above, 3-6 in. 

 long: fls. almost sessile, creamy white, 2-3 in. across; 

 petals roundish obovate. Nov. S. China. B.M. 2047; 

 4019 (as Polyspora axillaris). L.B.C. 7:675 and B.R. 

 349 (as Camellia axillaris). 



G. grdndis, Andr6. Corymbs few-fld., terminal; fls. white, 

 large. R.H. 1906:520. A handsome greenhouse species. G. 

 jatdnica, Rollison. See Schima Noronhse. 



ALFRED REHDBR. 



87 



GORSE: Ulex europxus. 



GOSSYPIUM (ancient name of the cotton plant). 

 Malvdcese. COTTON. Perhaps thirty or more species 

 of herbs and shrubs of warm countries, although more 

 than 100 have been described; some authorities reduce 

 them to about three. They are grown for the fiber 

 that is borne on the seeds. See Cotton. They are 

 scarcely horticultural subjects, and therefore are not 

 treated fully in this work. 



Gossypiums are tall stout herbs, or tree-form bushes : 

 Ivs. large, alternate, petiolate, mostly prominently 

 3-9-lobed but sometimes entire: fls. white, yellow or 

 purplish, provided with 3-5 large cordate calyx-like 

 bracts; calyx entire or somewhat 5-lobed; stamens 

 united into a column; ovary 3-5-celled, each cell 3-11- 

 ovuled; style 3-5-lobed: fr. a locuh'cidally dehiscent 

 caps., bearing seeds that are obovate, rounded or 

 slightly angular, sometimes smooth, but usually cov- 

 ered with a short down or fuzz and a longer coat of 

 brown, creamy or white hairs, called the lint. 



The cottons of commerce belong, according to 

 Lewton, to about eight distinct botanical types and 

 may be divided into two main groups, the New World 

 and the Old World cottons. The New World group 

 includes American Upland cotton (G. hirsutum, Linn.); 

 Sea Island and Egyptian cottons (G. barbadense, Linn.); 

 and the tropical tree cottons of South America (G. 

 brasiliense, Macf. and G. peruvianum, Cav.). The 

 Old World cottons include the Levant cotton (G. 

 herbaceum, Linn.), cultivated in southern Europe and 

 western Asia; the oriental tree cotton (G. arboreum, 

 Linn.), with yellow or purple-red flowers; the common 

 cotton of India (G. neglectum, Todaro) ; and the Chinese 

 and Japanese cottons (G. nanking, Meyen.). 



Cotton (probably G. herbaceum) was grown in gar- 

 dens in Delaware and Maryland in colonial times as 

 an ornamental plant. 



Two species have been offered as ornamental plants. 

 G. Davidsonii, Kellogg, from Lower Calif, and 

 Cerros Isls., woody, with handsome yellow fls. purple 

 at the base, 1 in. long, and small cordate mostly entire 

 Ivs. G. Stftrtii, F. Muell., endemic in interior of 

 Australia; shrub, several feet high, more or less marked 

 with black dots: Ivs. broadly ovate, entire, 1-2 in. long, 

 glaucous: fls. large, purple with dark center; bracts to 1 

 in. long, cordate, entire, many-nerved, black-dotted. 

 The common fiber-cottons are sometimes planted in 

 northern gardens for curiosity, but they seldom make 

 attractive plants where the nights are cool; sometimes 

 they are seen in warm glasshouses, with other economic 

 plants. L H B 



GOUANIA (Antoine Gouan, 1733-1821, professor of 

 botany at Montpelier, France). Rhamnacese. About 

 40 species of tropical shrubs, sometimes tall climbers, 

 tendril-bearing: branches long and slender: Ivs. alter- 

 nate, petiolate, penninerved, entire or dentate: fls. in 

 clusters, on axillary and terminal, elongated pedun- 

 cles; disk 5-lobed; style 3-fid: caps, with 3 indehiscent 

 berries. This genus includes the "chawstick" of 

 Jamaica, a rapid-growing, shrubby vine, with pretty 

 heart-shaped Ivs., grown sometimes for ornament in 

 the extreme S. It is suitable for screening unsightly 

 objects. The sts. are chewed in the W. Indies. Tooth 

 brushes are made from the frayed ends and tooth-pow- 

 der from the pulverized wood. 



domingensis, Linn. CHAWSTICK. Lvs. usually 13^-2 

 in. long, elliptical, glabrate, with distant serratures; 

 veins tapering toward the margin: fls. very small, in 

 slender interrupted axillary more or less leafy spikes: 

 caps, winged, emarginate. W. Indies. L H B 



GOURD. In England, a generic name for species of 

 Cucurbita (which see). In America the term is used 

 to designate those cucurbitous fruits that are hard- 



