1362 



GOURD 



GRAFTING 



shelled, and are used for ornament or for the making 

 of domestic utensils. The gourd of history is probably 

 Lagenaria. In the northern United States, the small 

 hard-shelled forms of Cucurbita Pepo (var. ovifera) are 

 commonly understood when the word gourd is used. 

 The gourds in the American trade are referable to their 

 species as follows: 



Anaconda, Lagenaria, vulgaris. Mock Orange, CucurbitaPepo. 



Apple-shaped, Cucurbita Onion - shaped, Cucurbita 



Pepo var. ovifera. Pepo. 



Bicolor, Cucurbita Pepo var. Orange, Cucurbita Pepo var. 



ovifera. ovifera. 



Bonnet, Luffa. Ostrich Egg, Cucumis dip- 



Bottle-shaped, Lagenaria vulr saceus. 



garis. Pear-shaped, Cucurbita Pepo 



Calabash. Crescentia Cujete, var- ovifera. (Fig. 1134). 



yields the true calabash; Powder Horn, Lagenaria vul- 



but the calabash gourd ia garis. 



Lagenaria vulgaris. Rag, Luffa. 



Coloquinte, Cucurbita Pepo, Serpent or Snake (not Snake 



var. ovifera (Colocynth is cucumber, which is a 



CitruUus Colocynthis). Cucumis), Lagenaria vul- 



Dipper, Lagenaria vulgaris. garis and Trichosanthes. 



Dipsaceous, Cucumis dip- Sponge, Luffa. 



saceus. Spoon, Lagenaria vulgaris. 



Dish-cloth, Luffa. Sugar Trough, Lagenaria vul- 



Egg, Egg-shape, Cucurbita garis. 



Pepo var. ovifera. Tashkent, Cucurbita Pepo 



Gooseberry, Cucumis Anguria. var. ovifera. 



Hedgehog, Cucumis dipsaceus. Turk's Turban, Cucurbita 



Hercules' Club, Lagenaria Pepo var. ovifera. 



vulgaris. Vegetable Sponge, Luffa. 



Mat6 Gourd, small form of Wax Gourd, Benincasa his- 



Lagenaria vulgaris. pida. 



L. H. B. 



GOURLlfeA (Gourlie", a personal name). Legu- 

 minosse. One or two spiny shrubs or small trees of 

 Chile, one of which is listed in S. Calif., somewhat akin 

 to Sophora and Cladrastis: Ivs. odd-pinnate, the Ifts. 

 small: fls. small, orange-colored, in racemes or fascicles, 

 papilionaceous; standard orbicular, wings obovate and 

 undulate, keel short: pod short, indehiscent. G. spindsa, 

 Skeels (Lucuma spindsa, Molina. G. chilensis, Gay). 

 CHANAL. Tree, 12-15 ft., with long thick branches 

 ending in spines: Ifts. 3 pairs, ovate: fls. orange-yellow 

 streaked red, in short loose racemes: fr. about 1 in. 

 diam., brownish, the pulp the flavor of jujube: wood 

 yellow and hard, used for cabinet-making. Chile, at 

 elevation of 1,500-5,000 ft. L. H. B. 



GOVENIA (J. R. Gowen, English gardener). Orchi- 

 ddccse. Terrestrial orchids of Trop. Amer., seldom cult., 

 of perhaps a dozen species: rhizomes thickened into 

 tuber-like enlargements or pseudobulbs, the sts. erect 

 and few-lvd.: Ivs. large, narrowed at base: fls. in simple 

 racemes, medium in size, short-pedicelled, mostly 

 white, cream-colored or yellow and more or less red- 

 spotted; sepals and petals of about equal length, the 

 former connivent; lip very short, without spur, jointed 

 to column; pollinia 4, broadly ovate. G. tingcns, 

 Poepp. & Endl. Height 2-3 ft. : If .-blade elliptic, about 

 8 in. long: fls. yellowish, with transverse purple lines, 

 much larger than those of G. superba; segms. lanceo- 

 late to oblong. Peru. G. superba, Lindl. Two ft.: 

 fls. fragrant, yellow with red markings, sepals -and 

 petals acute: spike loose, erect. Mex. L.B.C. 18:1709. 

 G. sidphiirea, Reichb. f. An odd species with onion- 

 like pseudobulbs: If .-blade cuneate-lanceolate and 

 acuminate: fls. rather large; sepals sulfur-yellow; petals 

 white with yellowish margin and purple lines; lip cor- 

 date-oblong, white with dark brown at apex. 



L. H. B. 



GRABOWSKIA (H. E. Grabowsky, German apothe- 

 cary and botanical author). Solanacese. A half-dozen 

 or more spiny shrubs of Trop. and extra-Trop. S. Amer., 

 with small violet or pale blue or whitish fls. borne 

 singly at the nodes and in clusters on the ends of the 

 branches, and oblong or obovate entire sometimes 

 fleshy Ivs.: calyx 5-toothed or becoming 10-toothed 

 after flowering; corolla funnelform, with short tube and 



5-lobed spreading limb; stamens 5, exserted: fr. drupe- 

 like with 2 pyrenes. G. boerhaaviasfolia, Schlecht. 

 (G. glauca, Hort.), of Peru, is offered in Calif. It is a 

 lycium-like scrambling or wide-spreading bush with 

 small Ivs. alternate and tufted, with spines J4 m - long 

 in the axils and the shorter branches often also sharp 

 and spine-like: fls. whitish or pale blue, not conspicu- 

 ous, in clusters of 3-5 or solitary: berries scarcely J^in. 

 long. B.R. 1985. In Calif., the plant has a good gray- 

 green foliage and a graceful drooping habit, therefore 

 making it adaptable for planting compositions in 

 landscapes. L H. B. 



GRAFTING, Multiplication by. Grafting is the 

 operation of inserting a part of one plant into another 

 plant or part with the intention that it shall grow and 

 produce its kind. 



The practice of grafting, together with all the reasons, 

 consequences and results, constitutes a department of 



knowledge known as 

 graftage. The term 

 grafting is ordinarily 

 restricted, in popular 

 speech, to propagation 

 by means of short 

 twigs or cions, and 

 budding is used to 

 designate the insertion 

 of single buds that are 

 severed from the 

 branch on which they 

 grew; but these dis- 

 tinctions are not funda- 

 mental. Stock is the 

 plant or part on which 

 the grafting is done. 

 Cion (scion, sion) is 

 the part inserted into 

 the stock, although 

 it is usually restricted 

 to cuttings of twigs, 

 and does not include 

 detached buds. In 

 many writings the 

 word is spelled scion, but the other is shorter and 

 it was a very early horticultural term, many old 

 horticultural writings using don and cyon. Scion is 

 apparently later, and usage is not uniform. The word 

 graft is sometimes used in the sense of don, but it 

 would better be used for the completed thing the 

 new plant or part made by the joining of cion and 

 stock. 



Grafting is not always employed for purposes of prop- 

 agation. It may be a reparative process. What is 

 known as bridge-grafting is of this kind. Wounds or 

 girdles may be bridged by cions, as in Fig. 1672 (after 

 Hedrick), for the purpose of supplying new tissue to 

 connect the parts. Here the edges of the girdle are 

 trimmed to the fresh firm tissue, cions whittled wedge- 

 shape at each end are inserted, bandages are drawn 

 around the trunk to hold the free edges of the bark and 

 the ends of the cions, and wax is poured over the work. 

 This operation is performed in spring, with dormant 

 cions. The buds should not be allowed to throw out 

 shoots. If the cions are placed close together, they 

 will soon unite along their sides and make a continuous 

 covering of the wound. Writing of bridge-grafting, 

 Hedrick says (N. Y. Sta. Circ. No. 17) : "Its most impor- 

 tant use is to preserve trees injured or girdled by rodents 

 or disease. Any ragged or diseased edges should be 

 cleanly cut away, a longitudinal slit should be made in 

 the bark, both above and below the wound, and the 

 edges of the slits loosened slightly. A cion should then 

 be cut 2 or 3 inches longer than the space to be bridged, 

 one side beveled off at both ends (Fig. 1672), and 

 inserted in the slits, its beveled face against the wood 



1672. Bridge-grafting. At the left, 

 a cion; the cions in place; at the 

 right, the ends waxed. 



