1370 



GRAFTING 



GRAFTING 



the long cut facing the stock the cion is pushed deeply 

 into the place prepared for it, and is tied firmly with 

 raffia. The corners of the bark of the stock are brought 

 close to its own stem and bound firmly in that position. 

 Melted grafting-wax should then be put on, or narrow 

 strips of waxed cloth may be applied instead, to exclude 

 air and moisture. If possible, the cions should be 

 selected from branches not over Y<i inch in diameter 

 when they can be found of sufficient firmness of that 

 thickness. Small lateral shoots having a terminal bud 

 and only an inch or two in length and quite thin will 

 unite by this method very easily. It is not necessary 

 for the cions to be dormant, but they should be fully 

 matured and the leaves cut off to about ^ inch from 

 the buds. The bark slips readily from the time growth 

 begins in spring, so that the operation may be per- 



1700. Cion-budding. 



formed at any period during late spring and summer. 

 In the course of about two weeks after the operation 

 is performed, if the cions remain fresh, the probabilities 

 are that a union will have been effected. Part of the 

 top of the stock may then be removed to induce the 

 cion to start growth, and when it has made some head- 

 way the top of the stock may be cut off near the cion." 



Bark-grafting. 



Bark-grafting (Fig. 1701) is an excellent method of 

 grafting fairly large limbs, since it does not injure 

 the stock so much as does the cleft-graft. The cions are 

 cut thin and inserted between the bark and wood. The 

 bark is securely bound to hold it tight, and the entire 

 surface is waxed, as in cleft-grafting. This method is 

 called crown-grafting by the French and English. 



This method is useful when it is necessary to graft 

 very large limbs, for the stub does not need to be split 

 and several cions may be set. When large limbs are 

 broken from apple and pear trees, the stub may be 

 trimmed and several cions set around it, to hasten the 

 healing and to afford strong shoots with which to renew 

 the part. 



Herbaceous grafting. 



Pelargoniums, chrysanthemums, cacti, and other 

 soft-wooded greenhouse plants are sometimes grafted 

 for the novelty of having more than one variety grow- 

 ing on the same root. Probably most herbaceous plants 

 can be grafted readily, with the exception of the 

 endogens, which do not lend themselves to the opera- 

 tion, although there are examples in which grafting 

 has been successful on them. To succeed with an her- 



baceous cion, it is necessary that the room be rather 

 close and moist, so that evaporation will not be very 

 rapid. One should endeavor to secure the general con- 

 ditions that obtain in a good propagating-house. The 

 temperature should be kept rather below 

 the normal for that species until union has 

 taken place. It is usually best to cover the 

 union with moss or some other material 

 to protect the wound and to check 

 evaporation. Best results are secured 

 when the cion is firm in texture, as also in 

 the case of herbaceous cuttings. The kind 

 of graft is of less importance, although it 

 is customary to use the veneer-graft cions, 

 since there is less injury to the stock and 

 the outer surfaces are easily applied to 

 each other. The cion ordinarily consists 

 of one or two joints, and if the leaves are 

 large, they are cut in two, as in the mak- 

 ing of softwood cuttings. 



Inarching, or grafting by approach. 



In those cases in which union takes 

 place with much difficulty, it is possible 

 to effect the conjunction by allowing the 

 cion to grow fast to the stock before it is 

 severed from its own roots. The plant 

 which it is desired to have grow on the 1701. Bark- 

 stock is bent over to the stock, the sur- grafting, 

 faces of the two are exposed so that the 

 cambiums may be pressed close together, and the two 

 are then bound until union takes place. In some cases 

 a tongue is made in both the cion and the stock, much 

 as in whip-grafting, so that the surface of contact is 

 greater and the parts are held together more securely. 

 When the cion has become thoroughly established on 

 the stock, the cion is severed from its own root and the 

 top of the stock is cut off. This inarching or grafting 

 by approach is also used in the greenhouse when it is 

 desired to transfer the whole top or the whole branch 

 of one plant to another. The illustration (Fig. 1702) 

 shows such a case. Inarching is not much employed in 

 this country in a commercial way. 



Inarching is sometimes employed to unite two 

 branches into one for the purpose of making a speci- 

 men fruit grow larger. If, for example, a twig of an 

 apple tree is inarched into a limb just back of a fruit, 

 the extra food-supply may cause that fruit to grow 

 larger, and a finer specimen may be secured. This use 



of the graft is employed 

 only for the purpose of 

 securing extra-fine speci- 

 mens for exhibition or 

 other purposes. 



The seedling - inarch 

 has recently been des- 

 cribed in detail by 

 Oliver (Bull. No. 202, 

 Bur. PI. Ind., U. S. 

 Dept. Agric.). Such 

 difficult subjects as the 

 mangosteen, litchi and 

 mango respond readily 

 to this method. The 

 idea is to inarch a very 

 young seedling on an 

 older stock, thereby sav- 

 ing time and securing 

 more wood for further 

 propagation. "Seedlings 

 raised from seeds of new 

 and rare trees, shrubs, 

 and vines may be induced 

 1702. Inarching the branches to grow very quickly if 

 of two plants. used as cions when a few 



