1380 



GRAPE 



GRAPE 



leading the growers to be more cautious and to SOme Total expenditure for first three years: 



extent drop the variety for the more satisfactory KnS^kr'. '. '. '. '. '. 



Campbell and Moore Early. These varieties are Third year .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 37 39 



later, but please the purchaser. For wine purposes the 



fruit is left on the vines as long as possible so that it Third year revenue ... $52 20 



becomes fully matured. Grapes, unlike apples and 



especially pears, do not ripen off the vines and must be Net expenditure for three years $197 59 



left until fully mature if the highest quality is expected, 

 especially for dessert. 



Of late years large acreages have been planted jyX,?*" 



especially for the markets of the Canadian West. Gathering 'and'burning brush'. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. '.'.'.'.'.'. '. '. 



Cooperative associations have been organized to han- Spraying 1 40 



die all varieties extending over the season; but, in the F e tii? z f n and cultlvatin s | j> 



case of one large company, one variety only, Worden, goo baskets at '12 cents'. .'.'.'.'. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'.'. $96 00 



is handled. This ripens before Concord and conse- Cost of 800 baskets at $34 a thousand 27 20 



quently brings a high price. The location of the vine- Coveril 8 basl " 



yards of this particular company is ideal; the fruit is Delivering.....!...... l oo 



of good quality and ripens early and it seems that under 



those particular conditions the Worden is the most T> fit 



r.. Front $37 lo 



profitable grape to grow. 



The forming of cooperative associations for the pur- The late J. W. Spencer, in his article in Cyclopedia 



pose of marketing the fruit has the distinct advantage of American Horticulture, on "Grapes in the North," 



of improved distribution. It has also cut down the gave the following as submitted by A. B. Clothier, 



handling expenses. Very few baskets, except special Silver Creek, N. Y.: 



orders, are sent great distances by express. The coopera- plowi and marking an acre of land $3 M 



tive associations have enabled the growers to secure Number of plants, 8x9 feet, 605 cost 12 10 



car rates, and though prices have been comparatively Cost of planting l 50 



low even as low u, 10 cents for an eight-pound basket j^&^^^^::. *<;;: ] jg 



f.O.b. Shipping Station, the Cheap and rapid methods Of Number of pounds of wire for two-wire trellis, 600 pounds; 



handling have made the industry profitable. staples, 6 pounds; cost 22 80 



Number posts for trellis, 202; number braces, 20; cost 14 14 



Returns. Cost of putting up trellis 3 00 



Grapes, as grown at the present, might be considered Cost of acre of grapes, exclusive of land $70 54 



a long-term investment with every prospect of regular v ... 

 dividends. The cost of planting, posting and early 



cultivation is comparatively high, but the vines bear The prospective planter will do well to consider 



early. Good crops are produced the third and fourth carefully the best-known and most popular varieties 



years after planting and the following year the vines before planting. More than 75 per cent of the grapes 



should be in full bearing. The cost of planting and grow- planted in the commercial sections of Canada are 



ing an acre of grapes to three years of age can only be Concords and Wordens. The same is true of New 



estimated. Men, methods and conditions vary so York State. The Concord almost alone is used in the 



much that no figures can be taken as absolute; but -grape-juice industry. It is the leading fermented wine 



the figures and calculations serve as a guide and as grape also. Worden is in second place, being a little 



such they are given here: earlier, and although a smaller yfelder, is cutting into 



the Concord market for ordinary purposes. Lindley, 



FIRST YEAB. Wilder, Vergennes, Agawam, Catawba and some 



Land $125 00 related varieties all hold a place for general market 



S^cXvSVn^aridng-furrows-.:: ! S P ur P.f e ? and Jhe plantings are increasing. When 



Cost of 435 vines at 4 cents 17 40 quality is expected, these are the varieties to grow, but 



Planting. 3 oo the yield will not be so heavy as for the Concord. 



Fal'f'plowing Delaware is in good demand because of its quality 



when well grown. Moyer and Brighton are giving 



Total expenditure for first year $154 90 way to better varieties. 



The Niagara, in spite of its many drawbacks, is 



SECOND YEAR. s ^\ a favorite, and although a few years ago it suffered 



Working soil in spring $1 so somewhat from over-advertising, it has again found 



Prunirfg^nd 'tying/. V.'. '.'. '.'. l oo its proper place and is in steady demand. The newer 



120 posts at 20 cents 24 oo varieties have not been tested long commercially and 



120 posts (including digging and setting) at 5 cents a it is well for the new grower to plant them only hi 



ire and wiring::. . 22 oo ^^ numbers until they have proved they are 



worthy of a larger place. 



Total $57 50 All the commercial varieties grown out-of-doors are 



Labrusca or Labrusca-vinifera hybrids and seedlings, 



THIRD YEAR. an( j no attempt is being made to grow the pure vinifera. 



$150 F.M.CLEMENT. 



Cultivating and plowing 5 50 



Fertilizing 8 oo Grapes in the South. 



Spraying twice 1 00 



Average crop for third year 435 baskets an acre. The region south of the 38th degree north latitude 



43o baskets at 12 cents. . $52 20 i_ OL i- r 



Cost of 435 baskets at $34 a thousand'. .'. 14 79 nas m jt more native species of grapes than all the 



Picking 435 baskets at l cent a basket 4 35 world besides. This alone would lead one to suppose 



Deiit-^y * 7? the South naturally adapted to vineyard culture. Yet 



New York, Ohio and California up to the present far 



Total expenditure for third year $37 39 excel it in vineyard area, although only three or four 



Total revenue $52 20 species are native in these states. The cause of this is 



Net revenue $14 81 that diligent experimenters and originators have pro- 



