H 



HABENARIA (Greek, a rein or strap; referring to 

 the shape of parts of the flower). Orchidacese, tribe 

 Ophrydese. REIN ORCHIS. Terrestrial leafy herbs, 

 sometimes grown in bog -gardens and naturalized in 

 moist places. 



Tubers usually undivided, rarely lobed: fls. in ter- 

 minal racemes or spikes, rarely solitary; sepals subequal, 

 free or cohering at base, erect or spreading; petals 

 usually smaller, often 2-lobed; lip spreading or drooping, 

 long- or short-spurred at base, its blade entire or 3-5- 

 fid.; column very short, sessile; rostellum usually 1- 

 toothed or lobed; glands naked; anther-cells parallel 

 or divergent: caps, ovoid or oblong, erect. The lateral 

 lobes are sometimes fringed, giving the 

 fl. a graceful appearance. Species about 

 400, very widely distributed in temper- 

 ate and tropical regions. 



Few species of Habenaria are of much 

 horticultural importance, especially in 

 this country. Some of the exotic kinds 

 enjoy some favor as stove plants in 

 England, while there are a number of 

 hardy North American species which can 

 be recommended for outdoor cultiva- 

 tion in boggy places. H . Susannas, H. 

 carnea, H. militaris and other East 

 Indian species are best grown in a moder- 

 ately warm house, needing good light 

 and a fair amount of water. It is recom- 

 mended to repot them after the resting 

 season in a compost of peat, moss, loam 

 and crock dust, with the tuber resting 

 upon the crocked-up bottom of the pot 

 and the growing point just beneath the 

 soil. They should then be given a good 

 supply of water until after flowering. 

 These habenarias are much like bletia 

 in their requirements. The most popular 

 species at present seem to be H. ciliaris, 

 H. fimbriata and H. psy codes, but these 

 give a very imperfect conception of the 

 beauties of the genus, although in the 

 opinion of some persons, H. ciliaris is 

 the showiest orchid in temperate North America. The 

 native species are procurable through collectors and 

 dealers in native plants: foreign species through Dutch 

 bulb-growers; and H. radiata through dealers in 

 Japanese plants. 



INDEX. 



bifolia, 29. gigantea, 17. obtusata, 27. 



blephariglottis, 15. gracilis, 33. odoratissima, 2. 



Bonatea, 19. Hookeriana, 30. orbiculata, 28. 



bracteata, 24. Hookeri, 30. peramoena, 3. 



carnea, 6. hyperborea, 31. psycodes, 5. 



chlorantha, 20. Integra, 7. pusilla, 11. 



ciliaris, 8. lacera, 23. radiata, 21. 



cinnabarina, 10. leucophffia, 22. rhodocheila, 12. 



conopsea, 1. leucostachys, 14. Susannse, 17. 



cristata, 9. longecalcarata, 16. tridentata, 25. 



dilatata, 35. militaris, 11. unalaschcensis, 34. 



elegans, 32. nivea, 13. virescens, 26. 



Elwesii, IS. nivosa, 6. viridis, 24. 

 fimbriata, 4. 



A. Fls. purple; lip 3-parted: sis. leafy. 



B. Segms. of lip entire: bracts nearly equaling the fls. 



1. condpsea, Benth. (Gymnadenia condpsea, R. Br. 

 G. conopea, French authors). DEADMAN'S FINGERS. 

 Fls. violet-purple to flesh-colored, rarely white, fra- 

 grant, medium-sized; spur longer than ovary, some- 



1775. Habenaria carnea. 



(XM) 



times twice as long. June, July. Eu., N. Asia. G.C. 

 III. 51:68. There is an H. conopsea of Reichenbach 

 dating from 1854, whereas Bentham's dates only from 

 1880. 



2. odoratissima, Franch. (Gymnadenia odoratissima, 

 A. Rich.). Fls. intensely red-purple, aromatic, only half 

 as large as in the preceding; spur shorter than ovary. 

 May, June. Eu. 



BB. Segms. of lip toothed. 



3. peramcena, Gray. Rather tall: fls. large and 

 showy, violet-purple; middle segms. of lip 2-lobed. 

 July, Aug. N. J. to Va. and 111. B.B. 1:466. 



BBB. Segms. of lip deeply and copiously 

 fringed. 



4. fimbriata, R. Br. Fls. lilac, rarely 

 white, fragrant; petals laterally toothed. 

 Summer. New Bruns. to Mich, and 

 mountains of N. C. A.G. 12:152. G.F. 

 10:483. B.B. 1:466. 



5. psycddes, Gray. Three feet or less 

 high: fls. many, crowded, much smaller 

 than in G. fimbriata, lilac, rarely white, 

 fragrant. July, Aug. Newfoundland to 

 Minn, and high mountains of N. C. 

 B.B. 1:466. 



AA. Fls. pink throughout? Ivs. all radical. 



6. carnea, N. E. Br. Fig. 1775. Lvs. 

 dull green, spotted with white: fls. few, 

 loosely clustered, light pink, fading 

 nearly white; lip large; spur over 2 in. 

 long. Penang. G.C. III. 10:729; 34:323. 

 Gn. 47:182. G.M. 36:642. O.R.4:209; 

 9:297; ll:frontis.; 13:59. G.F. 4: 487. 

 J.H. III. 33:319; 49:299. R.B. 21, p. 44. 

 One of the most beautiful of the genus; 

 apparently not in American trade. Var. 

 nivdsa, Hort., white. Gn.47:182. 



AAA. Fls. orange. 



B. Color orange-yellow throughout. 



c. Lip nearly or quite entire. 



7. Integra, Spreng. Two ft. or less high, leafy: fls. 

 small, crowded. July. N. J. to La., near the coast. 

 B-.B. 1:463. 



cc. Lip fringed or lacerate. 



8. ciliaris, R. Br. YELLOW FRINGED ORCHIS. Fig. 

 1776. Fls. crowded, brilliant orange; petals fringed at 

 apex; spur about twice as long as lip; lip long-fringed. 

 Aug. E. U. S. B.M. 1668. B.B. 1:464. A striking 

 species. 



9. cristata, R. Br. Smaller: fls. much smaller; petals 

 merely toothed; spur little exceeding the lip. July. 

 N. J. to La. near the coast. B.B. 1:464. 



BB. Color cinnabar-orange, the sepals red-spotted 

 outside. 



10. cinnabarina, Rolfe. Small: st. leafy: lip 3-lobed; 

 spur straight, nearly equaling ovary. Madagascar. 

 Not in American trade. 



AAAA. Fls. with green sepals and petals; lip brilliantly 

 colored. 



11. militaris, Reichb. f. (H. pusilla, Reichb. f.). 

 Bluish glaucous: fls. numerous; lip scarlet, trifid, mid- 



(1423) 



