1430 



HALIMODENDRON 



HAMAMELIS 



minutely silky, becoming sometimes nearly glabrous 

 with age, H-1M in- ^ng: fls. 2-3, on slender peduncles 

 about %in. long, lilac or pale purple, about %in. long: 

 pod %-l in. long; seeds about H'm. long. June, July. 

 B.M. 1016. Var. purp&reum, Schneid. (H. argenteum 

 fi. purpureo, Hort. H. speciosum, Carr.). Fls. bright 

 rosy purple. R.H. 1876:30. ALFRED REHDER. 



HALLERIA (Albrecht von Haller, 1708-1777, Swiss 

 physician and naturalist, and professor at Gottingen). 

 Scrophularidcex. About 6 species of shrubs or small 

 trees from Afr. and Madagascar with opposite, ovate or 

 elliptic, entire or serrate Ivs. and axillary, solitary or 

 fascicled fls.: calyx cup-shaped, 3-5-cleft; corolla 

 trumpet- or funnel-shaped with short 4-5-lobed oblique 

 limb; stamens 4, didynamous, inserted about the middle 

 of the tube, about as long as or longer than the corolla; 

 ovary 2-celled ; style slender : fr. a berry with several or 

 numerous compressed seeds. Only the following species 

 is sometimes cult, in S. Calif . and as a greenhouse plant 

 abroad for its red fls. and the lustrous nearly evergreen 

 foliage. It is easily prop, by cuttings under glass and 

 by seeds. H. lucida, Linn. Shrub or small tree, to 30 

 ft., glabrous: Ivs. petioled, ovate, acuminate, serrate, 

 1-4 in. long: fls. in axillary clusters on stalks J J in. 

 long, tubular, curved and bulged on one side, shortly 

 2-hpped, red, sometimes yellowish at the base, about 

 1 in. long; stamens and style exserted: berries subglo- 

 bose, deep purple, edible. S. and Trop. Afr. B.M. 1744. 

 Sometimes called African honeysuckle. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



HALOPHfTUM: Hoplophytum. 



HAMAMELIS (Greek, hama, together, and melon, 

 apple or fruit: fruits and flowers at the same time). 

 Hamamelidacese. WITCH-HAZEL. Ornamental woody 

 plants chiefly grown for their yellow flowers appearing 

 late in autumn or in the winter. 



1785. Witch-hazel, Hamamelis virginiana, showing flowers 

 and fruits. (Natural size) 



Deciduous shrubs or small trees; stellate-pubescent: 

 Ivs. alternate, short-petioled, stipulate, sinuate-dentate: 

 fls. in short-peduncled, nodding, axillary, few-fld. 

 clusters, perfect; calyx 4-parted; petals 4, linear, 

 crumpled; stamens 4, very short, alternating with 4 

 scale-like staminodes; styles 2, short: fr. a dehiscent, 



woody, 2-celled caps., with 2 shining black seeds. The 

 seeds are shot out with considerable force. Four 

 species, 2 in E. N. Amer. and 2 in China and Japan. 

 Occasionally writers spell the common name "wych 

 hazel," but there seems to be little historical reason for 

 it. Witch, as used in witch-hazel and witch-elm, is 

 probably allied to "weak," referring to a drooping or 

 straggling habit. 



The witch-hazels are hardy ornamental shrubs with 

 medium-sized generally ovate or obovate leaves and 

 yellow flowers with strap-shaped spreading petals in 

 axillary clusters appearing late in fall or in the winter 

 and followed by capsular fruits. Hamamelis virginiana 

 is perfectly hardy North, and the other species have 

 proved hardy at least at the Arnold Arboretum. 



They are valuable on account of their blooming at a 

 time when hardly any other shrub outdoors is in flower. 

 H. japonica, H. mollis, and H. vernalis are the only 

 truly winter-blooming shrubs in northern latitudes and 

 are striking objects in the wintry landscape with their 

 bright yellow flowers which are not injured even if 

 the temperature goes down to zero. They are well 

 adapted for shrubberies; of compact, bushy habit and 

 with handsome foliage, turning bright yellow, orange or 

 purple in fall. 



They thrive best in somewhat moist, peaty and 

 sandy soil. The Japanese species likes a more sunny 

 position than the American, and is less moisture- 

 loving. Propagation is by seeds, which do not germi- 

 nate until the second year, or by layers; rarer kinds also 

 by grafting on seedlings of H . virginiana in spring in the 

 greenhouse. 



A. Lvs. pubescent below while young, glabrescent or 



glabrous at maturity. 



B. Fls. in autumn when the Ivs. fall; calyx brownish 



yellow inside. 



virgini^na, Linn. Fig. 1785. Shrub or small tree, 

 attaining 25 ft.: Ivs. oblique and cordate at the base, 

 obovate, coarsely crenate, pubescent on the veins 

 beneath, 4-6 in. long: petals bright yellow, %-%in. 

 long; calyx dull brownish yellow inside: fr. surrounded 

 by the calyx to one-half. Sept., Oct. Canada to Fla., 

 west to Neb. and Texas. Em. 472. S.S. 5:198. B.M. 

 6684. L.B.C. 6:598. A.G. 11:657; 17:771; 44:657 

 (1890). Gn. 33, p. 589; 39, p. 547. 



BB. Fls. in winter or early in spring; calyx red or purple 

 inside. 



vernalis, Sarg. Shrub, rarely exceeding 6 ft., suck- 

 ering: Ivs. obovate or oblong-obovate, cuneate and 

 entire below, sinuate-dentate above the middle, pale 

 or glaucescent beneath and glabrous or rusty-pubes- 

 cent on the veins, only 3-4 in. long: calyx dark red 

 inside; petals light yellow, about H m - long; ovary 

 one-half superior: fr. surrounded by the calyx about 

 the middle. Jan.-March. Mo. to La. and Okla. S.T.S. 

 2:156. R.H. 1913, p, 131. B.M. 8573. 



japonica, Sieb. & Zucc. Fig. 1786. Shrub or small 

 tree, to 30 ft. : Ivs. roundish to oblong-ovate or obovate, 

 sinuately crenate, prominently veined beneath, gla- 

 brous or pubescent, 2-4 in. long: petals %in. long, 

 yellow; calyx-lobes revolute, purplish or yellow inside; 

 ovary three-fourths superior: fr. surrounded at the 

 base only by the calyx. Jan.-April. Japan. G.F. 

 4:257 (adapted in Fig. 1786). Gt. 49:1481; 61, p. 136. 

 G.W. 7, p. 405. S.I.F. 2:25. Var. arborea, Rehd. (H. 

 arborea, Mast.). Lvs. larger, usually more roundish and 

 of firmer texture: petals golden yellow; calyx deep 

 purple inside: of more vigorous growth. B.M. 6659. 

 R.H. 1891:472. G.C. II. 1:187; 15:205; III. 9:247. 

 G.M. 34:94. Gn. 57, p. 103; 65, p. 59; 69, p. 105. Var. 

 Zuccariniana, Arb. Kew. Differs little from the type; 

 it has pure canary-yellow fls., smaller than those of the 

 preceding variety and opening about 3 weeks later. 

 Gn. 17, p. 251. R.B. 28:62. 



