1436 



HAZEL-NUT 



HEBENSTREITIA 



are usually headed at height of 1 or 2 feet, though often 

 permitted to take natural form, which is that of a 

 many-stemmed bush, designated a "stool." Trees are 

 classified according to height of clear 

 trunk into "standard," "half-stand- 

 ard," and "dwarf standard." A short 

 trunk, with vaseform head of six or 

 more branches, is preferred. Suckers 

 should be kept down, unless desired 

 for propagation. Both sexes of blos- 

 soms are borne on one-year-old lateral 

 twigs or spurs. March or April, after 

 flowers of both sexes have bloomed, is 

 considered best time for pruning, as 

 unnecessary sacrifice of pollen can thus 

 be avoided. Strong shoots should be 

 headed back to promote spur-forma- 

 tion, and old wood that has borne 

 fruit should be removed annually. 



The nuts should not be gathered 

 until ripe, a condition indicated by 

 the browning of the edges of the husk. 

 If left until fully ripe, many of the 

 fruits will rattle out and be lost. The 

 highest prices are obtained for freshly 

 gathered nuts in the husks. To pre- 

 vent husks from molding, they should be 

 well dried or slightly sulfured. Hazel- 

 nuts may be held for considerable 

 periods in tight receptacles, as 

 casks or jars by sprinkling salt 

 over them and storing them in a 

 cool, dry place, or in a refrigerated 

 compartment. 



Few insects trouble the European 

 hazel-nuts in America, the nut- 

 weevil of Europe, Balaninus nucum, 

 not having yet been naturalized. 

 B. nasicus sometimes does con- 

 siderable injury to the native 

 species. 



Nuts and filberts are terms 

 loosely used abroad, especially 

 in England, to designate cer- 

 tain rather indefinite forms of 

 Corylus Avellana and C. max- 

 ima. In general, such varieties 

 as have husks shorter than 

 their fruits are termed nuts, 

 while such as have husks as 

 long as or longer than their 

 fruits are designated filberts. 



But few varieties are known 

 in America, most of the hazels grown 

 being seedlings from imported nuts. 

 Varieties of Corylus Avellana and C. 

 maxima are not clearly distinguishable, 

 but in general those with husks longer than 

 the nuts are assigned to C. maxima, and those 

 with short husks to C. Avellana. tz 



Alba (White Filbert). Regarded in England as one 

 of the best varieties. Can be kept in husk longer than 

 most others because of constricted form of husk. Kernel covered 

 with a white skin. Known as Avelinier Blanche, Wrotham Park, 

 etc. Succeeds in California. 



Cosford (Miss Young's, Thin-shelled). Nut oblong, thin-shelled, 

 of excellent quality; in a hirsute, laciniated husk, about the same 

 length as nut. 



Crispa (Cape Nut, Frizzled Filbert). Nut thin-shelled, some- 

 what flattened, late; in husks curiously frizzled throughout and 

 wide open at the mouth. Very productive. 



Downton Ijarge Square. Nut very large, semi-square, thick- 

 shelled and well filled, of the highest quality; husk smooth, shorter 

 than nut. 



Du Chilly. A fine, large, compressed-cylindrical variety, with 

 moderately thick shell, and of fine quality. Introduced from 

 France by Felix Gillet, of California. The largest filbert grown in 

 America so far as known. 



Grandis (Round Cobnut). Nut large, short, slightly com- 

 pressed, of good quality when fresh, with a thick and hard shell; 



in a short husk, much frizzled and hairy. One of the best varie- 

 ties; considered the true Barcelona nut of commerce. Also known 

 as Downton, Dwarf Prolific, Great Cob, Pearson's Prolific and 

 Round Cob. 



Jones. A short, roundish nut, of me- 

 im size and good quality, somewhat 

 >wn for several years in central Dela- 

 ,re. Bush hardy and vigorous, produc- 

 suckers freely, and thus far free from 

 ease. 



Lambert (Lambert's Filbert, Lambert's 

 it, Filbert Cob; Kentish Cob, errone- 

 sly). Nut large, oblong, somewhat 

 mpressed; shell rather thick; kernel 

 mp and of rich flavor; an excellent 

 ;per. Husk quite smooth, longer than 

 and but slightly cut in margin. Tree 

 oductive. Considered the best variety 

 wn in England, where it has been 

 >wn since 1812. 



Purple-leaved. Nut large and of 

 excellent quality; in a husk longer 

 than the fruit. Planted for ornament, 

 and productive of good nuts under 



E roper treatment. The leaves and 

 usks are of a deep purple color, which 

 is retained until frost. The staminate 

 catkins are tender and often injured 

 by frosts in winter, but when supplied 

 with pollen from some more hardy 

 variety it yields large crops. 



Red Aveline (Avelineer Rouge, Red 

 Hazel). Nut large, ovate, thin- 

 shelled, with a smooth, red-skinned 

 kernel, and of sweet nutty flavor. 

 This variety is prized in eastern 

 California as a productive sort of 

 good quality. 



Spanish. Nut very large, oblong, 

 thick-shelled, with a smooth husk 

 longer than the fruit. Sometimes con- 

 founded with Grandis. 



W. A. TAYLOR. 



HEAL- ALL: Brunella. 



HEART'S EASE: Old English 

 name for pansy, Viola tricolor. 



HEATH, HEATHER. The 



common heather of Old World 

 literature is a hardy plant, Calluna 

 vulgaris; the greenhouse heaths are 

 from the Cape of Good Hope and 

 Europe, and belong to the genus 

 Erica. For St. Dabeoc's heath, see 

 Dabcecia. 



HEATING: Greenhouse heating. 

 HEBECLfNIUM: Eupatorium. 



HEBENSTREITIA (named for 

 John Ernst Hebenstreit, 1703- 

 1757, professor of medicine in the 

 University of Leipzig). Selagin- 

 acex. Annual herbs, subshrubs or 

 shrubs, mostly grown in green- 

 houses: Ivs. alternate or opposite 

 often narrow, entire or often den- 

 tate: spikes terminal, often dense, 

 short or elongated; fls. sessile, 

 white, yellow or pink; stamens 4 

 didynamous, included, filaments 

 short; anthers oblong or linear, 

 1-loculed; ovary 2-loculed: fr. 

 with 2 cells, often one not well 

 developed. About 30 species, 

 mostly from S. Afr. H. com6sa, 

 Hochst., is grown as a half- 

 hardy annual (plant 

 perennial). One to 4 

 ft. high: Ivs. numerous, 

 lanceolate or elliptic- 

 lanceolate, glabrous, 

 J^-2 in. long; spikes 

 elongate, 2-6 in. long, 

 mignonette - like ; cor- 



1788. 



Filberts and 

 hazels. 



(Nat. size) 



1. American- 

 grown filberts; 

 2. Corylus ameri- 

 cana, form with 

 open involucre; 3. C. 

 americana, closed invo- 

 lucre; 4. C. californica; 

 5. C. rostrata. 



