HELIANTHUS 



HELIANTHUS 



1447 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



A. Plants annual: Ivs. long-petioled: disk 



brown or purplish. 



B. St. erect, stout, simple or branching 

 above. 



c. Pubescence rough 1. annuus 



cc. Pubescence usually silky 2. argophyllus 



BB. St. diffuse, slender, branching freely 



from the base 3. debilis 



AA. Plants perennial by creeping root- 

 stocks: Ivs. sessile or short-petioled. 

 B. Disk brown or purplish. 



c. Lvs. linear, entire (except the 

 lower), sessile. 



D. St. rough 4. orgyalis 



DD. St. usually smooth 5. angustifolius 



cc. Lvs. ovate to broad-lanceolate, 

 mostly toothed, narrowed at 

 the base into a winged petiole. 

 D. Rays numerous, the fls. 2%~4 



in. broad 6. scaberrimus 



DD. Rays 10-16, about 1 in. long.. 7. atrorubens 

 BB. Disk yellowish. 



c. St. smooth below, the branches 

 often slightly rough or pubes- 

 cent. 

 D. Foliage pale beneath. 



E. Lvs. prevailingly lanceolate. 

 F. The Ivs. glabrous on both 



FF. The Ivs. roughened be- 

 neath 9. 



EE. Lvs. prevailingly ovate 10. 



DD. Foliage green on both sides. 



E. Lvs. stalked <11. 



EE. Lvs. sessile or nearly so . 12. 



cc. St. rough or hairy below. 



D. Rootstocks thickened into one 



or more fleshy tubers. 

 E. Lvs. prevailingly lanceolate. 



F. The Ivs. rough only above.13. 

 FF. The Ivs. rough both sides. .14. 



EE. Lvs. prevailingly ovate 15. 



DD. Rootstocks all slender. 



E. Lower Ivs. sessile or with a 

 clasping base. 



F. Lvs. sessile 16. 



FF. Lvs. cordate, clasping .... 17. 

 EE. Lower Ivs. short-petioled. 



F. St. 1-2 ft., not branching.. 18, 

 FF. St. usually over 3 ft., 



branching. 

 G. The st. smooth and 



glabrous 19. 



GG. The st. usually rough 



and hispid. 

 H. Foliage equally rough 



on both sides 20. 



HH. Foliage rougher above 



than beneath. 

 i. The Ivs. short-peti- 

 oled 21. 



n. The upper Ivs. nar- 

 rowed at the base.22. 



laevigatus 



[ratus 

 grosse-ser- 



strumosus 



decapetalus 

 divaricatus 



giganteus 



Maximilianii 



tuberosus 



doronicoides 

 mollis 



pumilus 



californicus 



laetiflorus 



birsutus 

 tracheliifolius 



1. annuus, Linn. COMMON SUNFLOWER. St. 3-12 

 ft., rough-hairy, often mottled: Ivs. 4-12 in. long, 

 broadly ovate, acute, the lower cordate, coarsely ser- 

 rate, rough on both sides, 3-nerved: fls. 3-6 in. wide in 

 wild specimens, often 14 in cult. July-Sept. Minn, to 

 Texas, west to Wash, and Calif. Gn. 27, p. 68. Gt. 

 43, p. 95 and B.R. 1265 (as H. lenticularis). A val- 

 uable economic and ornamental plant. The Ivs. are 

 used for fodder, the fls. yield a yellow dye, the seeds 

 furnish an oil and are used for food. It is grown for 

 food chiefly in Russia. H. annuus has long been in cult, 

 as an ornamental, and has varied into many distinct 

 forms. Common varieties are: Var. californicus, Hort., 

 very large and double; var. citrinus, Hort., with prim- 

 rose-colored rays (Gn. 49, p. 327) ; var. globdsus fistu- 

 losus, Hort., enormous globular heads (Gn. 27, p. 68); 

 var. nanus fl. pi., Hort., (Globe of Gold), dwarf and 

 double, valuable for borders; Russian Giant, 10-12 



ft. high, single, grown mostly for seed; var. variegatus, 

 Hort., with variegated Ivs. 



The H. lenticularis, Douglas, is commonly referred 

 to H. annuus. Cockerell supposes, however, that H. 

 lenticularis is the wild species from which the cultivated 

 forms of H. annuus are derived. Even so, H. annuus, 

 being a Linnaean name, must stand. The many inter- 

 esting mutations and hybrids observed and produced 

 by Cockerell are based on the wild H. annuus (or H. 

 lenticularis). Placing his variants under H . lenticularis, 

 he names them as follows: Var. bicolor, Ckll., rays red, 

 tipped yellow; var. zondtus, Ckll., rays red-banded; 

 var. ruberrimus, Ckll., rays chestnut-red throughout; 

 var. primulinus, Ckll., primrose-yellow; var. vinosus, 

 Ckll., rays wine-red; var. vinossissimus, Ckll., rays 

 entirely dark wine-red; var. niger, Ckll., rays practically 

 black above and slightly red at tip. This group of 

 variants comprises the red sunflowers, now in cult. 

 (See account also by Cockerell, page 1446.) 



2. argophyllus, Torr. & Gray. SILVERY-LEAVED SUN- 

 FLOWER. St. usually solitary, 4-5 ft. high, soft gray, 

 with a dense, silky pubescence, especially the upper 

 branches. Otherwise like H. annuus, into which it 

 seems to vary under cult, if the seedlings are not con- 

 stantly selected for their silky character. Texas. The 



1795. Clump of Helianthus orgyalis. 



