HELIANTHUS 



HELICHRYSUM 



1449 



broad, mostly long-stalked; rays 10-20, barely 1 in. 

 long, cupped, pale yellow: seeds smooth. Aug.-Oct. 

 Wet ground, Canada to Fla., west to Neb. B.M. 7555. 

 G.W. 2, p. 44; 7, p. 451; 8, p. 469. Var. subtuberosus, 

 Brit. A northern form with unusually fleshy roots, 



1798. Helianthus mollis var. cordatus. 



which were formerly collected by Indians for food; 

 hence "Indian potato." 



14. Maximflianii, Schrad. St. generally 2-4 ft. high, 

 sometimes 8-10: Ivs. inclined to be trough-shaped: fls. 

 on short, densely pubescent peduncles; rays 15-30, gen- 

 erally \Yi in. long, deep yellow. Otherwise like H. 

 giganteus, of which it is probably the western form. 

 Aug.-Oct. Dry plains, west of Mississippi River. V. 

 20:169. 



15. tuber&sus, Linn. JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE. St. 

 5-12 ft., branched above: Ivs. 4-8 in., usually ovate, 

 acuminate, serrate, rough above, finely pubescent 

 beneath: fls. several or numerous, 2-3 in. across; rays 

 12-20: seeds pubescent. Gn. 27, p. 68. B.M. 7545. 

 Frequently cult, for its edible tubers. See Artichoke, 

 Jerusalem. 



16. doronicoides, Lam. St. 3-7 ft. high: Ivs. 4-8 in. 

 long, ovate-oblong, narrowed toward both ends, rough 

 on both sides, finely toothed: fls. numerous, in loose 

 panicles; rays 12-20, broad. Otherwise as H. Isetifolius. 

 Aug., Sept. Dry soils, Ohio to Mich., Mo., and Ark. 

 B.M. 2778 (as H. pubescens). 



17. mollis, Lam. St. 2-5 ft. high, stout, very leafy, 

 hoary villose, at least when young: Ivs. 3-5 in. long, 

 ovate-lanceolate, white-pubescent or rough on upper 

 side: fls. solitary or few, 2-3 in. broad; rays 15-25. 

 July-Sept. Barren soils, Ohio to Ga., west to Iowa 

 and Texas; also on L. I. Gn. 55:146. Var. cordatus, 

 Fig. 1798, has recently been discovered. It has broader, 

 thicker and cordate Ivs. G.F. 2:137 (adapted in Fig. 

 1798). 



18. pumilus, Nutt. St. rough and hairy throughout: 

 Ivs. only 5-7 pairs, 1-4 in. long, ovate-lanceolate: heads 

 few, short-peduneled; disk yellow. E. Rocky Mts. and 

 adjacent plains. 



19. calif ornicus, DC. St. 3-8 ft. high: Ivs. lanceo- 

 late, serrate, rough on both sides : fls. loosely paniculate, 

 about 2% in. wide. Calif. Very suitable for low moist 

 situations. Most of the plants grown under this name 

 are garden forms of H, annuus. 



20. laetiflorus, Pers. SHOWY SUNFLOWER. St. 4-8 ft. 

 high, leafy and rough-hairy: Ivs. 4-10 in. long, ovate- 

 lanceolate, more or less serrate, rough on both sides: fls. 

 several, 2-4 in. broad, short-peduncled ; rays 15-25, 

 about 1^2 in. long, showy. Prairies, Ind., 111., Wis. Gn. 

 45:372. G.M. 31:204. A desirable he! ianthus. The 

 garden form H. semi-plenus is better than the type. 

 Resembles tall-growing forms of H. rigidus, but disk 

 yellow. 



21. hirsutus, Raf. St. 2-4 ft. high, densely hairy: 

 Ivs. ovate-lanceolate, thick, very rough, pubescent and 

 pale beneath: fls. several, 2-3 in. across; rays 12-15. 

 July-Oct. Dry soils, Pa. to Ga., west to Wis. and Texas. 



22. tracheliifolius, Mill. Resembles H. strumosus, but 

 st. and fl.-stalks usually rough-hairy and Ivs. thinner, 

 green on both sides: branches and fl.-stalks rough- 

 hairy. Aug., Sept. Dry soil, Pa. to Wis. 



H. ciliaris, DC. Fl.-heads large; rays bright golden-yellow; disk- 

 florets dark brown. A pretty floriferous species. Texas, Ariz., 

 Mex. H. coloradensis, Ckll. Allied to H. fascicularis and H. grosse- 

 serratus: 6 ft., in clumps: sts. strict, reddish and glaucous: Ivs. 

 elongate-lanceolate, rough, margins remotely dentate, the upper 

 ones alternate and the lower opposite: bracts of involucre very 

 long and slender, long-ciliate at base: disk yellow, and rays bright 

 orange. Colorado. Var. Andrewsii, Ckll. Rays deep orange, much 

 richer in color. H. macrophyllus sativus of horticultural literature, 

 with tubers edible and in taste resembling Jerusalem artichoke, is 

 probably H. strumosus var. macrophyllus, Britt., or possibly H. 

 giganteus var. subterosus, Britt. There are many forms of wild 

 sunflower that may come into cult., through dealers in native 

 plants. These should be sought in the regular manuals of botany. 

 The genus allows of different botanical interpretations. 



S. W. FLETCHER. 



N. TAYLOR.f 



HELICHRtSUM (Greek for sun and gold; referring 

 to the flower-heads). Syn., Elichrysum. Composite. 

 Old World herbs or shrubs, mostly African and Aus- 

 tralian ; some of them are grown for everlastings, being, 

 with Helipterum, amongst the most important plants 

 for that purpose; annuals and perennials. 



Flower-heads large, solitary, with fls. of 2 kinds, the 

 outermost ones with pistils only; involucre dry and 

 chaff-like, the stiff overlapping scales glabrous, often 

 colored ; heads large, terminating the branches, normally 

 yellow, but now varying into many colors in long-cult, 

 forms. Probably 400 species. Easily grown as hardy 

 annuals in any garden soil but doing best in a rich 

 loamy soil. Very few are grown in U. S., except /f. 

 bracteatum. 



A. Lvs. oblong or narrow: grown for everlastings. 



B. Heads large, solitary. 



bracteatum, Andr. Fig. 1799. Stout annual, 1^-3 

 ft. tall, somewhat branched, the terete sts. nearly or 

 quite glabrous: Ivs. many and rather large, oblong-lan- 

 ceolate, narrowed to a short petiole, entire, green: 

 heads terminating the branches, 1-2 }/% in. across, yellow 

 or orange, the short and obtuse involucre-scales imbri- 

 cated. Austral. Perhaps the most important single 

 everlasting fl. grown in this country, particularly for 

 bold or heavy design work. It is very variable, particu- 

 larly in color. R.H. 1896:551. The heads are pure 

 white in var. album, Hort. (H. album, Hort. H. 

 niveum, Graham. B.M. 3857); scales tipped with red in 

 var. bicolor, Hort. (Elichrysum bicolor, Lindl. B.R. 

 1814); dark scarlet in var. atrococcmeum, Hort. (H. 

 atrococcineum, Hort.); dark blood-red in var. atrosan- 

 guineum, Hort. The forms with very large heads are 

 often known as H. macrdnthum, Hort. The double 



