1452 



HELIOPHILA 



HELIOTROPIUM 



are pods sessile or pedicelled, 2-celled, 2-valved, dehis- 

 cent: seeds in a single row, often winged: racemes 

 long and leafless, and fls. yellow, white, rosy or sky- 

 blue: Ivs. various. 



pilosa, Lam. A very variable species, with st. 6-24 

 in. high, erect or diffuse, simple or unbranched from the 

 base: lower Ivs. often opposite, the rest alternate: fls. 

 normally sky-blue, with a yellow center, but the natural 

 varieties include lilac and yellow. The typical H. pilosa 

 has a st. that is rough with spreading hairs: Ivs. hairy, 

 either oblong or linear, entire or sometimes lobed near 

 apex, cuneate at base: pods linear, erect or spreading. 

 Var. incisa, Sonder, has Ivs. linear-cuneate, 3-cut at 

 the apex, rarely 5-cut, the lobes linear or acuminate. 

 B.M. 496 (as H. arabioides). WILHELM MILLER. 



HELIOPSIS (Greek, like the sun). Composite. 

 Hardy herbaceous plants, bearing numerous yellow 

 flowers in autumn. 



Stem erect, loosely branching: heads yellow, long- 

 stalked, borne in loose terminal or axillary panicles 

 both radiate and discoid: Ivs. opposite, petioled, 3- 

 ribbed, oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, coarsely 

 toothed. Heliopsis has no pappus, while in Helianthus 

 the pappus has 2 awns. In Heliopsis the rays have 

 pistils, but may be fertile or sterile. In Helianthus the 

 rays have no pistils at all. About 10 species, all native 

 of N. Amer. They are all perennials except one, and 

 that is not cult. They are not common in gardens 

 because of the more attractive forms in Helianthus. 

 H. helianthoides var. Pitcheriana, however, deserves 

 wider popularity. For cult., see Helianthus. 



helianthoides, Sweet (H. Isevis, Pers.). St. 3-5 ft. 

 high: Ivs. 3-5 in. long, thinnish, smooth on both sides 

 or roughish above, opposite or sometimes in 3's: fls. 

 numerous, 1^-2^ in. broad, long-stemmed. July- 

 Oct. Open places, Canada to Fla., west to 111. and Ky. 

 B.M. 3372. Gn. 25, p. 237. Var. Pitcheriana (H. Pitch- 

 eriana, Hort.). A dwarf, more branching and bushy 

 form, 2-3 ft. high, with a spread of 3-4 ft. : fls. produced 

 much more freely than in the preceding and a deeper 

 yellow. One of the best hardy plants for the perennial 

 border, being especially valuable for cutting and for 

 planting in dry places. A.G. 16:323. F.R. 2:259. 



scabra, Dunal. Differs from H . helianthoides, chiefly 

 in being rough throughout: upper Ivs. sometimes 

 entire: heads few, often solitary. B.R. 592 (as H. can- 

 escens). Var. gratissima, Hort. Fl.-heads large, bril- 

 liant pale yellow. Var. imbricata, Hort. "A dwarf 

 form with fls. 3 in. diam., golden yellow." Var. major, 

 Hort. Larger in every way than the type. J.H. III. 

 33:359. Var. zinniaefldra, Hort. "A double form, 

 there being several series of ligulate florets." R.H. 

 1908, p. 419. Dry soils, Maine to N. J. and west to Mo. 



S. W. FLETCHER. 



N. TAYLOR.f 

 HELIOTROPE: Heliotropium. 



HELIOTROPIUM (heliotropic; turning to the sun). 

 Boraginacex. HELIOTROPE. Popular glasshouse plants, 

 prized for their flowers and fragrance. 



Herbs or rarely shrubs, with small fls. in terminal, 

 forking often scorpioid clusters and alternate simple 

 Ivs. : corolla short funnelform or salver-shape, the throat 

 mostly open (sometimes constricted); stamens 5, 

 attached to the tube, not exserted, the filaments very 

 short; ovary 4-loculed and splitting into 4 nutlets 

 (or two 2-loculed nutlets) when ripe, surmounted by a 

 simple style. Species upward of 250, in the warmer 

 regions of the globe, many of them annuals. There is a 

 heliotrope (H. curassdvicum, Linn.) native to the U. S., 

 from Del. and S. 111. southward on seashores and in 

 salty soils, with white or bluish fls. and oblong or linear 

 Ivs.; another species (H. tenellum, Torr.) in open dry 

 lands from Ky. to Kans. and southward, with white 



scattered or somewhat umbellate fls. and very narrow 

 revolute Ivs.; several species in the southern states and 

 southward ; also a naturalized species (H.indicum, Linn.) 

 with bluish scented fls. and oval or ovate-rugose Ivs. 



The garden heliotropes seem to be derived from 2 

 species. H. peruvianum, Linn., is perhaps the leading 

 species. Fig. 1801. Lvs. oval or oblong-lanceolate, very 

 veiny, not conspicuously narrowed at the base: fls. 

 small, in a close cyme, the corolla-tube little longer than 

 the calyx. Peru. B.M. 141. G. 8:252. Vanilla-scented. 

 H. regale is a garden race of this, with very large clus- 

 ters and fls. of variable color. Gt. 50, p. 163. H. 

 corymbdsum, Ruiz & Pav. (H. grandiflorum, Don), 

 has longer and relatively narrower Ivs., which are dis- 

 tinctly narrowed to the base, fl. -clusters larger and 

 more open, fls. nearly twice larger and the corolla-tube 

 nearly twice longer than the calyx; calyx-teeth longer 

 and narrower. Peru. B.M. 1609. Narcissus-scented. 

 Many of the large-trussed and large-fld. garden varie- 

 ties are apparently of this species rather than of the 

 former; or possibility the two are hybridized. Originally 

 both species were violet-fld. but the colors are now in 



various shades of pur- 

 ple, and there are 

 white-fld. forms. H. 

 Voltaireanum, Hort., 

 is a compact garden 

 form, and said to be 

 a hybrid. P.M. 16: 

 100. Another species, 

 H. europaeum, Linn., 

 is rarely seen in old 

 collections, and it is 

 sparingly naturalized. 

 It is a hoary-downy 

 annual herb 6-30 in. 

 high, with long-peti- 

 ole d oval Ivs., and 

 white fls. in scirpioid 

 racemes. H. incanum, 

 Ruiz & Pav., of W. S. 

 Amer., is perhaps in 

 cult, as a greenhouse 

 shrub: 2-3 ft.: Ivs. thick, ovate, crenulate, more or less 

 silky, hoary beneath: fls. white, in forking spikes, the 

 corolla twice exceeding the calyx. Var. glabrum, G.C. 

 II. 22:809, has Ivs. rough, nearly destitute of silky 

 covering, broader and more ovate, a denser infl., a larger 

 and more hairy calyx and purple fls. H. anchusaef olium, 

 Poir., of Brazil to Argentina, is said sometimes to be 

 found in gardens and it is recorded as spontaneous in 

 parts of this country; it is odorless: perennial, with 4- 

 angled hispid st.: Ivs. lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 

 sessile, entire: fls. violet, about M m - across. B.M. 8480. 



L. H. B. 



Heliotrope, apart from its use as a border plant and 

 for bedding, being a universal favorite, usually forms 

 part of the stock in trade of florists who do a local busi- 

 ness, ranking next to the geranium as a pot-plant for 

 spring trade. For cut-flowers in winter it is equally pop- 

 ular, but its lasting qualities when cut are uncertain. 

 Successful growers think that for best results, strong 

 stems and good keeping qualities, it should be grown 

 in a moderately cool, airy house. Some of the best are 

 grown in a house suited to violets and mignonette, 

 where the temperature seldom rises to 50 F. at night. 

 Stout, soft cuttings make the best plants, and root 

 easily in a temperature of 60 F. From the time they 

 are inserted, sufficient water must be given to prevent 

 wilting. A propagating-bed is not required. Ordinary 

 flats will do the medium half -leaf soil and sand. They 

 must be well shaded for a week or so. They are very 

 liable to the cutting-bench fungus, and should be potted 

 or boxed off as soon as rooted, which should be in ton 

 or twelve days. Any light soil will do, and it need not 

 be rich for the first shift. 



1801. Heliotropium peruvianum. 



