1466 



HERB 



HERB 



quickly secure, and such are best undisturbed until 

 quite overcrowded. The question is whether by divi- 

 ding a plant better flowers and foliage may be obtained 

 than by allowing it to become more thoroughly estab- 

 lished. 



The time of year 

 for separation will 

 vary as to the 

 blooming season 

 of the plant; that 

 is, for early-bloom- 

 ing plants late 

 summer or early 

 fall, and for late- 

 blooming plants 

 either late fall or 

 spring, preferably 

 the latter, as many 

 otherwise hardy 

 plants are either 

 weakened or killed 

 if disturbed in fall. 

 See Separation, 

 Vol. VI. 



Propagation by 

 cuttings is rarely 

 useful for the ama- 



1823. A good subject Eupatorium. 



teur, in the case of herbaceous perennials, but it is an 

 important commercial method. Plants may be obtained 

 from almost any plant having foliage-stems by taking a 

 short piece of the growing wood with a bud, either lateral 

 or terminal, and placing the lower end in moist sand or 

 other material suitable for root-growth. It is usually 

 necessary to have the lower end of the cutting a node or 

 joint of the stem, and to make the temperature of the 

 material in which it is placed higher than that of the 

 atmosphere (which is the relation of the soil and air in 

 sunshine), and to diminish the evaporation from the ex- 

 posed parts of the cutting by maintenance of a moist 

 atmosphere and by removal in part of the foliage on the 

 cutting. Some experience will be necessary to know the 

 best temperatures for sand and atmosphere and the 

 most desirable degree of ripeness in the wood to be 

 taken, as they will vary somewhat with species. In gen- 

 eral, any cutting of growing wood will form roots in 

 moist sand at a temperature suitable for vigorous root- 

 growth of the plant. See Cuttings. Vol. II. 



The increase of plants by cuttings has the advantages 

 of being rapid and of allowing the perpetuation of any 

 variation noticed on a portion of any plant. 



Whichever method of propagation is used, selection of 

 stock for increase should be practised. If by seed, then 

 the best seed from the best plant should be taken. It is 

 considered that seeds borne the 

 least number of nodes from the 

 root tend to produce dwarf er and 

 earlier-blooming plants, while 

 the opposite is equally certain. 

 All plants vary, and often the 

 seeds that will produce the most 

 striking variations are the slower 

 to germinate and are weaker as 

 seedlings, but any mistreatment 

 of young plants is likely to be 

 against any desirable improve- 

 ment. The double-flowered and 

 highly colored forms of garden 

 plants are generally the results 

 not only of intercrossing 

 of species or selection, 

 or both, but of intense 

 and perfect culture. A 

 poor, starved plant may 

 not retrograde itself, but 



1824. A good subject Yucca it is likely to produce 

 filamentosa. seed which will vary. 



Variations in plants are the result of climatic, soil, 

 cultural, and other conditions, and such plant forms 

 are unstable when the conditions which caused them 

 are radically changed. Any new variety naturally 

 reproduces itself best in the region in which it orgi- 

 nated, and may easily revert or otherwise change 

 when grown under different conditions. This is espe- 

 cially true in the reproduction by seed of plant varia- 

 tions. See Breeding, Vol. I. 



In propagating by division, the aim should be not 

 only to secure vigorous plants but to select for increase 

 such plants as appear to be the best. Cuttings also 

 should be taken from selected plants and the more so 

 since the method is rapid. p\ \y\ BARCLAY. 



Herbs for the northeastern states. 



Selections for special purposes. The following lists 

 are to be taken as merely suggestive, and are far from 

 being complete. Nearly all are to be found in the 

 American trade. 



1. FOR MOIST AND WET PLACES. Those marked with 

 an asterisk (*) will also thrive under drier conditions. 



A. Near the water's edge. Actual flooding will not injure 

 any of these. 



Acorus japonicus. 



Actsea. 



Anemone apennina. 



Anemone rivularis. 



Anemone virginiana. 



Caltha palustris. 



Carex riparia. 



Cyperus alternifolius. 

 *Cyperus Papyrus. 

 *Filipendula palmata. 

 *Filipendula rubra var. ve- 



nusta. 

 *Iris Kaempferi. 



Iris Pseudacorus. 

 *Iris sibirica. 

 *Monarda didyma. 



Myosotis palustris. 



AA. Moist ground preferred. 



*Achillea Ptarmica, The Pearl. 

 *Aconitum. 



Anemone alpina. 



Anemone palmata. 

 *Arenaria balearica. 



Arenaria purpurascens. 

 *Artemisia lactiflora. 



Arundo Donax. 



Asarum europseum. 



Asperula odorata. 

 *Astilbe Arendsii var. hybrida. 

 *Astilbe Davidii. 

 *Astilbe grandis. 

 *Astilbe rivularis. 

 *Astilbe Thunbergii. 



Astrantia carniolica. 



Butomus umbellatus. 



Caltha palustris. 



Caltha polypetala. 



Carex Fraseri. 



Carex Gaudichaudiana. 

 *Chelone. 



*Chryspbactron Hookeri. 

 *Cimicifuga racemosa. 



Claytonia virginica. 

 *Cypripedium acaule. 



Cypripedium spectabile. 

 *Dodecatheon Meadia. 

 *Doronicum. 



Eomecon chionantha. 



Epilobium angustifolium. 



Epimedium macranthum. 



Eryngium aquaticum. 



Eupatorium purpureum. 



Filipendula camtschatica 

 (Spiraea gigantea). 



Filipendula hexapetala. 



Gunnera chilensis. 

 *Heleniums. 



Hibiscus Moscheutos. 

 *Hosta cserulea (Funkia 

 *Hosta Sieboldiana. [ovata). 



Hpustonia caerulea. 



Iris cristata. 



Iris Delavayi. 



Iris Monnieri. 



Iris setosa. 



Peltandra virginica. 

 Polygonum amphibium. 

 Polygonum sachalinenae. 

 Pontederia cordata. 

 Primula pulverulenta. 

 Ranunculus aquatilis. 

 Ranunculus fluitans. 

 Ranunculus graminifolius. 

 Ranunculus hederaceus. 

 Ranunculus Lingua var. 



grandiflorus. 

 Rheum palmatum. 

 Rodgersia sesculifolia. 

 Rumex. 



*Thalictrum aquilegifolium. 

 Typha latifolia. 

 Zizania aquatica. 



Ligularia. 



*Lobelia cardinalis. 

 *Lobelia syphilitica. 

 *Lysimachia clethroides. 



Lysimachia punctata. 



Lysimachia thyrsiflora. 



Lythrum. 

 *Mertensia virginica. 



Mimulus cardinalis. 



Miscanthus saccharifer. 



Nierembergia rivularis. 

 *CEnothera fruticoa var. 

 *CEnothera speciosa. [major. 



Ourisia coccinea. 



Pennisetum latifolium. 

 *Phlox divaricata. 



Podophyllum peltatum. 



Polygonatum multiflorum. 



Polygonum amphibium. 



Polygonum sachalinense. 



Polygonum Weyrichii. 



Primula japonica. 



Primula rpsea. 



Primula sikkimensis. 



Rheum palmatum var. atro- 

 sanguineum. 



Rhexia virginica. 



Rumex Hydrolapathum. 



Sarracenia Drummondii. 



Sarracenia purpurea. 

 *Saxifraga peltata. 

 *Saxifraga virginiensis. 



Senecio cliyorum. 



Senecio Veitchianus. 



Senecio Wilsonianus. 



Soldanella alpina. 



Spartina cynosuroides var. 



aureo-marginata. 

 *Stenanthium rpbustum. 

 *Thalictrum adiantifolium. 

 *Thalictrum dipterocarpum. 

 *Thalictrum flavum. 



Trillium. 

 *Trollius asiaticus. 



Trollius europasus. 

 *Troll|us excelsior. 



Trollius giganteus. 



