1500 



HOMOGYNE 



HORSE-RADISH 



cordate or sometimes sinuate-dentate, usually smaller 

 than those in Tussilago and Petasites, to which the 

 genus is related : scapes 1-2-headed, usually all of disk- 

 fls. : achenes Linear, 5-10-ribbed. There are only 3 

 known species, all from the mountains of Cent. Eu., and 

 they prefer moist garden borders in cult. Prop, by 

 division in spring. Perhaps not in cult, in Amer. 



alpina, Cass. (Tussilago alpina, Linn.). About 6 

 in., the st. simple: the lower Ivs. cordate-reniform, 

 those of the st. ovate-lanceolate, the radical ones 

 withering before flowering time: fls. in solitary heads, 

 terminating the st., all discoid, light purple. B.M. 84 

 (as Tussilago alpina). Perhaps better treated as a 

 partial alpine. N. TAYLOR. 



HONCKENYA (named after G. A. Honckeny, 

 1724-1805, author of a flora of Germany). Tiliacese. 

 Trees or shrubs covered with stellate pubescence: Ivs. 

 entire or lobed: fls. large, blue- violet, showy, in terminal 

 racemes; calyx of 4-5 sepals; petals 4-5, glandless at 

 the base: caps, oblong, loculicidally 4-8-valved; seeds 

 numerous, horizontal, compressed. Two or 3 species 

 in Trop. W. Afr. H . fidfolia, Willd., is offered abroad. 

 Shrub, with purplish branches: Ivs. cordate, roundish 

 or oblong, more or less deeply 3-7-lobed: fls. numerous, 

 in terminal racemose cymes; sepals 3-5, oblong; petals 

 roundish, stalked ; ovary 4-8-celled,with numerous ovules 

 in each cell: caps. 1-2 in. long; valves covered with 

 numerous, spreading ciliated bristles, each terminated 

 by a small, white deciduous point. Guinea. B.M. 7836. 

 A handsome-fld. shrub. Prop, by cuttings of young 

 wood inserted in sand under glass with bottom heat. 

 Thrives in a mixture of loam and peat. L jj_ g_ 



HONESTY: Lunaria annua. 



HONEY LOCUST: Gleditsia triacanthos. Honeysuckle: 

 Lonicera. Honeywort: Cerinthe. 



HOODIA (from a personal name). Asdepiadacese. 

 Stout low perennial succulents of Trop. and S. Afr., 

 sometimes seen in choice amateur collections; species 

 about 10 or 12: allied to Huernia and Stapelia: plant 

 usually branched, with spine-tipped tubercles, cactus- 

 like: fls. large and showy, solitary or in small clusters, 

 springing from the grooves toward the top of the st., 

 yellowish, purplish or tawny; limb of corolla entire or 

 slightly 5-lobed, the lobes subulate-pointed; corona 

 double, arising from the staminal column, each part of 

 5 lobes. Require greenhouse treatment, probably 

 similar to related genera. L H. B. 



HOOKER A: Brodixa. 



HOP: Humulus. Hop Hornbeam: Ostrya. Hop, Wild : Bryonia 

 dioica. 



HOPLOPHYTUM. Several bromeliads have been 

 described under this name, but the species are now 

 referred to Mchmea. Halophytum of one trade catalogue 

 is apparently an error for Hoplophytum. 



HORDEUM (an ancient Latin name for barley). 

 Graminese. Annual or perennial grasses with terminal 

 bristly spikes. 



Spikelets 1-fld., 3 together at each joint of the rachis, 

 the middle one sessile and. perfect, the lateral usually 

 pedicelled, often reduced to awns: the rachis breaking 

 up at maturity into single joints with the cluster of 

 spikelets attached. Species about 16, temperate 

 regions of both hemispheres. Elymus, some species 

 of which resemble Hordeum, differs in having 2 devel- 

 oped, several-fld. spikelets at each node. Hordeum 

 includes the cult, barley (H. vulgare, Linn.) and several 

 troublesome weeds. Among the latter may be men- 

 tioned, H. murinum, Linn., called WILD BARLEY, 

 BARLEY-GRASS and FOXTAIL on the Pacific slope; H. 

 nodosum, Linn., common throughout the U. S., and 

 H. jubatum, Linn. SQUIRREL-TAIL GRASS, called FOX- 



TAIL in Wyo. and TICKLE-GRASS in Nev. The first 

 two are annual. The last, a perennial, is also cult, for 

 ornament. 



jubatum, Linn. SQUIRREL-TAIL GRASS. WILD 

 BARLEY. Erect, simple, usually smooth and glabrous, 

 10 in. to 2 ft. high: Ivs. 1-5 in. long: only the central 

 spikelet in each cluster perfect; awns of empty glumes 

 1-2^ in. long, spreading. In dry soil, N. U. S. and 

 Canada. B.B. 1:229. Dept. Agric., Div. Agrost. 

 17:307. Sometimes cult, for ornament on account 

 of the feathery heads. A. S. HITCHCOCK. 



HOREHOUND: Marrubium. 



HORMINUM (old Greek name for sage). Labiatse. 

 One herbaceous perennial, H. pyrenaicum, Linn., 

 adapted to borders and rock-gardens: sts. simple and 

 nearly leafless: Ivs. mostly radical, ovate, toothed or 

 crenate, the floral Ivs. reduced to bracts: fls. medium 

 size, purple-violet, nodding, in secund verticils or 

 whorls; calyx campanulate, 2-lipped, about 13-nerved; 

 corolla-tube exserted, the Limb somewhat 2-lipped, the 

 upper lip truncate-emarginate, the lower or anterior 

 3-parted; stamens 4, didynamous; style 2-lobed: nutlets 

 ovoid. The plant grows 8-12 in. high; Pyrenees to the 

 Tyrol; it makes a tuft of foliage; blooms in midsummer; 

 hardy in England. Vars. album and grandifldrum pur- 

 pur eum are offered. Other plants sometimes referred 

 to Horminum are properly salvias. L. H. B. 



HORNBEAM: Carpinus. 

 HORNED POPPY: Glaudum. 



HORSE, in combination with other names of plants, 

 usually signifies something large and coarse, not 

 necessarily eaten by horses. 



HORSE BALM: Collinsonia. Horse Bean: Vicia Faba. Horse- 

 Chestnut: dSsculus. Horse Mint: Monarda. Horse-radish Tree: 

 Mpringa pterygosperma. Horse Sugar: Symplocos tinctoria. Horse- 

 tail: Equisetum. Horseweed: Collinsonia. 



HORSE-RADISH (Fig. 1848), the well-known condi- 

 ment used so much with roast beef and oysters, is a 

 member of the natural family Cruci- 

 ferae, to which belong cabbage, turnip, 

 wallflower, stock, charlock, mustard, 

 and many other vegetables, flowers 

 and weeds. It comes to us from Great 

 Britain, where it is thought to have 

 been naturalized from some more 

 eastern European country. It is often 

 found growing wild in moist loca- 

 tions, such as the margins of streams, 

 in cool woods and damp meadows, 

 and, in some places, notably in the 

 state of New York, is troublesome as 

 a weed. 



The root is perennial, fleshy, whitish 

 externally, pure white within, conical 

 at the top, cylindrical, and, unlike the 

 tap-roots of parsnips, is abruptly 

 branched below. When bruised, it 

 emits a volatile oil of strong, pungent 

 odor and hot, biting taste. If eaten 

 before this oil evaporates, it "is highly 

 stimulant, exciting the stomach when 

 swallowed, and promoting the secre- 

 tions, especially that of urine. Exter- 

 nally, it is rubefacient. Its chief use 

 is as a condiment to promote appetite 

 and invigorate digestion; but it is 

 also occasionally employed in medi- 

 cine." (U. S. Dispensatory.) As a 

 /table relish, the consumption of horse- 

 radish is increasing, and greater atten- 

 1848. Good root tion is being paid to its cultivation 

 of horse-radish. than formerly. Under the old methods^, 



