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HORTICULTURISTS 



HORTICULTURISTS 



1812 he saved many lives by warning the settlers of 

 Hull's surrender and the approach rf the Indians. He 

 lived to see trees bearing fruit over a territory of 100,000 

 sq. mi. The story of this self-sacrificing and useful man 

 is told by W. D. Haley in Harper's, 43:830-836 (1871). 

 A movement is on foot in Ohio to erect a monument 

 to Johnny Appleseed. His history has been the subject 

 of a romance, "The Quest of John Chapman," by 

 Newell Dwight Hillis, 1904. WILHELM MILLER. 



Arnold, Charles, nurseryman and hybridist, was 

 born in Bedfordshire, England, in 1818. In 1833 he 

 removed to Paris, Ontario, and in 1853 established the 

 Paris Nurseries. He was elected one of the first direc- 

 tors of the Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario and 

 continued in office during the remainder of his life. He 

 was an enthusiastic hybridist. Of his productions of 

 grapes we note five varieties described in the Bushberg 

 Catalogue for 1883, viz., Othello, Cornucopia, Autochon, 

 Brant and Canada. In raspberries, he raised quite a 

 number of crosses of Antwerp with a whitecap of high 

 quality. Of his many apple seedlings, one especially 

 has proved of standard value, viz., the Ontario, a cross 

 of Spy with Wagener. In crossbred peas, he was very 

 successful, one deserving especial notice, viz., Bliss 

 American Wonder, a cross of Champion of England 

 with Tom Thumb. For this he received from Messrs. 

 Bliss & Son of New York, the handsome sum of $2,000. 

 His death occurred in 1883. LINUS WOOLVERTON. 



Avery, Robert, pioneer nurseryman, was born in 

 1796 and died December 30, 1879. He was the first 

 nurseryman and orchardist in the state of Iowa, and in 

 1837 founded the largest nursery in the state. He him- 

 self planted and encouraged others to plant large 

 numbers of fruit trees throughout the Mississippi 

 Valley states. 



Bancroft, George, the famous American historian 

 (1800-1891), deserves remembrance among horticul- 

 turists for his notable collection of roses at his sum- 

 mer home in Newport, Rhode Island, an account of 

 which may be found in the "American Garden," 1891. 

 For a portrait and sketch, see "Appleton's Annual 

 Cyclopedia" for 1890. In Bancroft's garden, George 

 Field found a rose without a name, which is now 

 known to be the French variety Mme. Ferdinand 

 Jamin. It was introduced by Field & Brothers as the 

 American Beauty. 



Barry, Patrick (Fig. 1869), nurseryman, editor and 

 author, was born near Belfast, Ireland, in May, 1816, 

 and died in Rochester, New York, June 23, 1890. He 

 came to America at the age of twenty, and after four 

 years of service with the Princes, at Flushing, on Long 



Island, he founded in 

 1840, with George Ell- 

 wanger, at Rochester, 

 New York, the Mount 

 Hope Nurseries. Ell- 

 wanger and Barry in- 

 troduced fruit-growing 

 into western New York 

 at a time when there 

 were no collections of 

 fruits, no railroad or 

 telegraphic facilities, 

 nor any fast ocean 

 steamers to bring over 

 their importations from 

 Europe. From 1844 

 to 1852, Barry edited 

 "TheGenesee Farmer, ' ' 

 an excellent and in- 

 fluential paper after- 

 ward merged in "The 

 Cultivator and Coun- 

 1869. Patrick Barry. try Gentleman." After 



the death of A. J. Downing he succeeded to the 

 editorship of "The Horticulturist," which he removed 

 to Rochester, until June, 1855, after which this famous 

 magazine had many vicissitudes until 1887, when it 

 went to swell the number of periodicals now represented 

 commercially by "American Gardening." In 1851 

 appeared his "Treatise on the Fruit-Garden," a new 

 and thoroughly revised edition of which was issued in 

 1872, under the title of "Barry's Fruit-Garden." It ia 

 still one of our most popular books on pomology, and 

 deservedly so. The catalogue of fruits which he com- 

 piled for the American Pomological Society is a monu- 

 mental work. Mr. Barry did much to make Rochester 

 a city of nurseries and western New York a famous fruit- 

 growing region. The Western New York Horticultural 

 Society, of which he was president for more than thirty 

 years, and until his death, has long exercised a more than 

 sectional influence. The work of Barry was truly 

 national, and essentially that of a pioneer. He must be 

 considered in the front rank of pomological authors, with 

 the Downings, Warder, and Thomas, whose combined 

 weight gave a great impulse toward establishing 

 orcharding on a large scale in America. For a fuller 

 account, see "Annals of Horticulture," 1890, 287-290. 



WILHELM MILLER. 



Bartram, John, called by Linna?us the greatest 

 natural botanist in the world, was born at Marple, near 

 Darby, Pennsylvania, March 23, 1699, and died Sep- 

 tember 22, 1777. He was a Quaker farmer, who became 

 interested in botany after the age of twenty-four. In 

 1728, at Kingsessing, on the Schuykill River, he estab- 

 lished the first botanic garden in America (page 348, 

 Vol. I), which, together with his house, built in 1731 of 

 stone hewn by his own hands, is preserved as part of the 

 park system of Philadelphia (Fig. 1851). He traveled 

 much in America, and was for many years the chief 

 medium of exchange between Europe and America of 

 plants of all kinds, especially new and important species, 

 as Rhododendron maximum and Cypripedium acaule. 

 His correspondence with Peter Collinson lasted nearly 

 half a century. The letters, preserved to us in Dar- 

 lington's "Memorials of John Bartram and Humphrey 

 Marshall," are rich in botanical, historical and general 

 interest. "Observations on the Inhabitants . . . 

 made by John Bartram in his Travels from Pensil- 

 vania to Onondago, Oswego, and the Lake Ontario 

 . . . London, 1751," is similarly readable, and a 

 document of great value in the study of aboriginal 

 races. 



At the age of seventy he undertook, with his son Wil- 

 liam, an expedition to Florida, which is recorded in the 

 "Journal Kept upon a Journey from St. Augustine up 

 the River St. Johns." Bartram was probably the first 

 American to perform successful experiments in hybridi- 

 zation. His sons, John and William, continued his 

 garden. For many years it was the largest and best col- 

 lection of trees and shrubs in America, and the services 

 of the garden to early American horticulture were very 

 great. He is commemorated in Bartramia, a genus of 

 mosses, and in "Bartram's Oak," for the literature of 

 which see I. C. Martinale's "Notes on the Bartram 

 Oak, Quercus heterophylla, Michx.," published at Cam- 

 den, New Jersey, 1880. Bartram's garden is a unique 

 spot in America. Many of the trees have attained great 

 age, size and beauty. The garden also contains many 

 quaint and picturesque relics which have associations 

 of great interest. On the whole, John Bartram is one 

 of the most illustrious, and by far the most picturesque, 

 of the early botanists and horticulturists of America, 

 and his simple, wholesome, powerful personality pre- 

 sents a picture that is altogether amiable. New editions 

 of the works of Bartram and Darlington are much to be 

 desired, and offer a promising field to critical labors. 

 John Bartram's son William is well known to students 

 of American history for his "Observations on the Creek 

 and Cherokee Indians, 1789." It is very much to be 



