HORTICULTURISTS 



HORTICULTURISTS 



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demic School in Lenoir, North Carolina, early entered 

 his father's office. His intelligence, industry, and initia- 

 tive united to induce him to study nature and nature's 

 works, along with his daily duties, and led him to be a 

 reader and a thinker. In 1886 he was selected as secre- 

 tary of the State Board of Agriculture, and thereafter 

 he lived in Raleigh. His services as secretary were 

 varied. He had devoted especial attention to the study 

 of geology, crystalography, and arboriculture. In his 

 new field he collected for the state and for various 

 expositions specimens of ores, crystals, woods and other 

 natural products that attracted attention wherever 

 they were displayed. He was in charge of the state 

 exhibits at Atlanta, Georgia, at Boston, at Omaha, at 

 Chicago, at St. Louis, and in Paris. He was a member 

 of the International Jury of Awards at New Orleans as 

 representative for the Bulgarian government. He 

 edited and wrote many articles on the resources of his 

 native state. Mr. Bruner's interests were wide and his 

 mental activities covered many subjects. Few men 

 ever rendered more service to the agricultural and 

 industrial life of their states. D jj HILL. 



Bryant, Arthur, pioneer nurseryman of Illinois, was 

 born near Princeton, Illinois, on October 15, 1834, and 

 died May 13, 1907. Early in life, he became interested 

 in the nursery business as an aid to his father and later 

 as owner of the business. Mr. Bryant was one of the 

 founders of the Northwestern Fruit Growers' Asso- 

 ciation and at one time its president. He was also 

 president of the Illinois State Horticultural Society 

 and of the Northern Illinois Horticultural Society for 

 a time. 



Budd, Joseph Lancaster, horticulturist, investiga- 

 tor and educator, was born near Peekskill, New York, 

 July 3, 1835 and died at Phcenix, Arizona, December 

 20, 1904. In 1859, he started in the nursery business at 

 Wheaton, Illinois, and a few years later removed to 

 Shellsburg, Iowa, where he established the Benton 

 County Nurseries. He was successful as a nurseryman 

 and fruit-grower, but in 1876, he accepted the profes- 

 sorship of horticulture and forestry at the Iowa Agri- 

 cultural College where he remained for nearly twenty- 

 two years. Professor Budd was instrumental in the 

 importation of hardy trees, shrubs arid fruits from 

 Europe, especially from Russia, which he visited in 

 1882, with Charles Gibb, for this purpose. He also 

 improved many native fruits, foremost amongst which 

 was the plum. Professor Budd was the author of the 

 "American Horticultural Manual." For a fuller account 

 and portrait, see "Cyclopedia of American Agriculture," 

 Vol. IV, p. 558. 



Buist, Robert, florist, seedsman, and author, was 

 born at Cupar Fyfe, near Edinburgh, Scotland, Novem- 

 ber 14, 1805, and died in Philadelphia, July 13, 1880. 

 He was trained at the Edinburgh Botanic Gardens, 

 came to America in August, 1828, and was employed 

 for a time by Henry Pratt. In 1830 he became the 

 partner of Hibbert, who had established the first 

 notable florist's business in Philadelphia. He became 

 noted for his successes with roses, which were at that 

 time second in popular favor to the camellia with the 

 Philadelphians. The great improvement of the ver- 

 bena was largely due to him, and was immediately 

 followed by the introduction into America of a distinct 

 class of bedding plants. He introduced Poinsettia 

 pulcherrima to the trade, and his sale of the double 

 form is said to have been the first transaction of the 

 kind accomplished by ocean telegraph. He was the 

 author of "The American Flower-Garden Directory," 

 in 1832, "The Rose Manual," 1844, and "The Family 

 Kitchen-Gardener" (copyrighted, 1847), all of which 

 were frequently reissued, and enjoyed a considerable 

 sale for many years. An excellent account of his life 

 may be found in "The Gardener's Monthly," 22:372 



(1888). The frontispiece of the bound volume for the 

 year is his portrait. WILHELM MILLER. 



Bull, Ephraim W., the introducer of the Concord 

 grape, lived a long, quiet, and useful life in Concord, 

 Massachusetts, where he died September 27, 1895, in 

 his ninetieth year. In commercial importance, the 

 greatest event in the early history of American grapes 

 was the introduction, early in the fifties, of this variety 

 of the northern fox-grape. The first fruit of this grape 

 was obtained in 1849. Its exact origin is obscure. In 

 1840, Mr. Bull bought the house in which he lived until 

 his death. That year some boys brought from the river 

 some wild grapes, and scattered them about the place. 

 A seedling appeared from which Mr. Bull obtained a 

 bunch of fruits in 1843. He planted seeds of this bunch, 

 and a resulting plant fruited in 1849. This variety was 

 named the Concord. It soon became the dominant 

 grape in all eastern America, as it was the first variety 

 of sufficient hardiness to carry the culture of the vine 

 into every garden in the land. It is a pregnant type, 

 and has given rise to no less than fifty honorable seed- 

 lings, which range in color from greenish white to pur- 

 ple-black. The quality of the fruit is excelled by many 

 varieties, but the latter usually demand more careful 

 cultivation. The Concord is the one most important 

 type of American grape, and the really successful com- 

 mercial viticulture of the country dates from its dis- 

 semination; and yet this grape is apparently only twice 

 removed from the wild vine. (See Fig. 1709.) For por- 

 trait, see Bailey, "Evolution Native Fruits." 



Ephraim W. Bull was loved of his neighbors and hon- 

 ored by every countryman who grows or eats a grape. 

 He made very little money from his variety, and died in 

 extreme poverty. The original vine is still preserved, 

 as a sprout from the old root. L. jj. B. 



Burnet, Robert, minister and horticulturist, was 

 born at Lady Kirk, Berwickshire, Scotland, 1823; 

 died at Hamilton, Ontario, 1889. After his ordina- 

 tion, he volunteered as a missionary to Ontario, 

 then Upper Canada. For twenty-six years, he was min- 

 ister to St. Andrew's church, Hamilton, Ontario, dur- 

 ing which time he took a very active interest in horti- 

 culture. His large garden was to him both a pleasure 

 and a study and contained a very large and choice col- 

 lection of varieties of dwarf pears and other fruits. 

 From these, he gained many valuable notes for use at 

 meetings of the provincial fruit growers' association. 

 In the year 1869, Mr. Burnet was elected president of 

 this association, an office which he- filled with great 

 credit for ten successive years. His annual addresses 

 formed an important feature in the annual reports made 

 to the Department of Agriculture for Ontario during 

 those years. The reports also contain several prize 

 essays by him, as for example in 1875 one on "The 

 Cultivation of the Pear," and one on "Where and How 

 to Market our Fruits;" also in 1876 an excellent paper 

 entitled "Criteria for Fruit Judging." 



LlNUS WOOLVERTON. 



Burr, Fearing, seedsman and author, was born in 1815 

 and died suddenly at his home in Boston, Massachu- 

 setts, October 4, 1897. He gained his horticultural 

 experience in early life on the broad acres of the paternal 

 homestead. This experience, added to his inherent 

 tastes and his copartnership in the firm M. &. F. Burr, 

 Seedsmen, Boston, gave him creditable notice as a 

 prominent horticulturist throughout New England 

 and the distant states and territories. His firm was 

 among the early ones which exchanged international 

 courtesies with seedsmen. In 1865 he published "The 

 Field and Garden Vegetables of America." This was 

 a very interesting and erudite contribution to horti- 

 culture at that day, and the book found ready sale. 

 He was an author of some note and contributed to the 

 horticultural columns of the press. He was elected a 



