HORTICULTURISTS 



HORTICULTURISTS 



1585 



make a strong investigator and teacher. In a real 

 estate venture in Florida, before his entering the Agri- 

 cultural College, he became interested in agricultural 

 problems and resolved to devote his life to them. In 

 1890 he undertook work as private assistant to the 

 writer; and from this he became assistant and instructor 

 in Cornell University. In the extension work amongst 

 New York farmers he had charge of the investigations on 

 grapes and strawberries. He was an originator of the 

 spray-calendar idea. In 1896 he published "The Spray- 

 ing of Plants." which is yet the fullest presentation of 

 the subject. This was prepared after a most thorough 

 traversing of the subject, both as author and experi- 

 menter, including a visit to Europe for the purpose of 

 tracing the French history of the subject. He was an 

 accomplished scholar, speaking German and French 

 with fluency and possessing a working knowledge of 

 other languages. His early death deprived American 

 horticulture of a promising leader. L > jj_ g. 



Longworth, Nicholas (Fig. 1887), (1783-1863) has 

 been called the "father of American grape-culture." He 



was born in Newark, 

 New Jersey. He early 

 went to Cincinnati, 

 then in the young 

 and growing West, 

 and engaged in bank- 

 ing and other busi- 

 ness. He early be- 

 came interested in 

 agricultural affairs, 

 and particularly in 

 the grape. From John 

 Adlum he received 

 the Catawba, and 

 became the means of 

 making grape-grow- 

 ing a commercial suc- 

 cess in the Ohio val- 

 ley. He was a leader 

 in the company of 

 horticultural experts 

 and writers which 

 made Cincinnati 

 famous in the mid- 

 dle of the century. 

 Longworth was one of the first to perceive that many 

 strawberries are infertile with themselves, and to 

 suggest the planting of pollinizers, although the im- 

 perfect nature of the strawberry blossom had been 

 known long before his time. He also introduced the 

 Ohio Everbearing raspberry, the first improved variety 

 of Rubus occidentalis. Longworth was a pioneer of 

 horticulture in the expanding West, and more than that 

 he was a guiding spirit in horticultural affairs of 

 national importance. In 1846 he published a pamphlet 

 on "The Cultivation of the Grape, and Manufacture of 

 Wine. Also, Character and Habits of the Strawberry 

 Plant." He also contributed a chapter on the straw- 

 berry to Buchanan's "Culture of the Grape." For 

 further notices, see Hovey's "Magazine of Horticul- 

 ture" 29:160, and Bailey's "Evolution of Our Native 

 Fruits." The portrait in Fig. 1887 shows Mr. Long- 

 worth at seventy-four years of age. L jj g 



Lord, Orville Morell, horticulturist and plum special- 

 ist, was born in the town of China, Wyoming County, 

 New York, April 20, 1826, and died at Minnesota City, 

 Minnesota, July 21, 1906. The Lord family moved to 

 Lapeer County, Michigan, in 1842. After two years' 

 training at a private school in Pontiac, Mr. Lord taught 

 public school for four years in the country near his home. 

 In 1852 he moved west with his family to Minnesota 

 and was one of the first settlers in the Rollingstone Val- 

 ley near Winona where he lived till his death with the 



101 



1887. Nicholas Longworth. 



exception of the years from 1861 to 1864 when he 

 returned to a farm near Kalamazoo, Michigan. He was 

 a member of the Territorial Legislature of Minnesota 

 in 1853-4 and served in the State Legislature in 1873-4. 

 He was active in many lines of public service through- 

 out his life. In 1884 he became a member of the State 

 Horticultural Society of Minnesota, and was elected 

 an honorary life member in 1899. He conducted a sub- 

 experiment station for the society at his home for many 

 years. He was considered one of the leading authorities 

 in the Northwest on all lines of horticulture and 

 enjoyed a national reputation as a plum specialist. 

 He cultivated the well-known "Rollingstone" plum from 

 a wild variety growing in the Rollingstone Valley. He 

 also established several varieties of very good hardy 

 apples. Mr. Lord was a lecturer on horticulture in the 

 Minnesota Farmers' Institute for a number of years 

 and also horticultural editor of "Farm, Stock and 

 Home." He always carried on an extensive corres- 

 pondence with .other horticulturists all over the 

 country. E. G. CHEYNEY. 



Lyman, Henry Martyn, pioneer horticulturist, was 

 born at Easthampton, Massachusetts, September 13, 

 1828, and died at Excelsior, Minnesota, January 4, 

 1902. He was a descendant of Richard Lyman, who 

 came to America in 1630 from England. Mr. Lyman 

 received his education in the public schools and at 

 Williston Seminary in Easthampton. His father died 

 when he was fourteen years old and with the assist- 

 ance of his mother and older brother he carried on the 

 New England farm. Mr. Lyman came to Taylors 

 Falls, Minnesota, in 1850. After remaining a year and 

 a half, he returned to Massachusetts. In 1853 he came 

 west again and landed at St. Anthony. He purchased 

 an ox-team, a wagon and a little lumber and drove west 

 to the site of the Lyman Homestead at Chanhassen, 

 Carver County. He made this his home until his 

 death in 1902. 



Mr. Lyman was for years postmaster of one of the 

 first post-offices in the county. He was interested in 

 fruit-growing and planted the first apple trees in Carver 

 County in 1853. These trees were not adapted to 

 Minnesota and were winterkilled in 1856. In 1867 he 

 planted more apple seed and from this lot came the 

 "Lyman's Prolific" crab. From apple seed planted in 

 1876 and later came the Evelyn and other seedlings 

 that are promising well for Minnesota conditions and 

 are good keepers. Mr. Lyman was much interested 

 in evergreens and early planted many varieties. He was 

 one of the first settlers to realize their value as wind- 

 breaks and some excellent specimens are still to be 

 found on the homestead. 



In 1891 a trial station was located on his farm and is 

 still in operation. He was treasurer of the State Horti- 

 cultural Society in 1900. As a pioneer horticulturist, 

 Mr. Lyman did very much to establish horticulture 

 on a sound basis in Minnesota. L E R OY CADY. 



Lyon, Theodatus Timothy (Fig. 1888), pomologist, 

 was born in Lima, New York, January 13, 1813, and 

 died in South Haven, Michigan, February 6, 1900. He 

 was the son of a farmer. His school-going was very 

 limited. In 1828, his parents went to the territory of 

 Michigan, where he was employed in many pioneer 

 pursuits, as farming, lumber-making, post-boy, tanner, 

 merchant. He became more and more interested in 

 farming, and in 1844 started a nursery on the farm 

 at Plymouth, Michigan. He collected varieties from 

 the local orchards, and found their names much con- 

 fused. His interest was challenged, and gradually he 

 became absorbed in a study of pomology, which in that 

 day meant mostly knowledge of varieties. Articles on 

 the varieties of Michigan apples in the "Michigan 

 Farmer" attracted the attention of Charles Downing, 

 and a correspondence and exchange of varieties resulted. 



