ISLAND DEPENDENCIES 



table. There are probably over one hundred varieties 

 of bananas in the Philippines, of which the following 

 are the most important in order of their enumeration: 

 Lacatan, Latundan, Saba, Gloria, Bungulan, Daliring 

 senora, Butuan, Matabia, Lacatan morado, Ni-lanzon, 

 Tundoc. These varieties occur under many synonyms. 



Next to the banana, the papaya (Carica Papaya), is 

 the most generally grown fruit in the Philippines; a 

 very good variety of this fruit is 

 being gradually disseminated. The 

 second most important fruit com- 

 mercially is the mandarin (Citrus 

 nobilis), which has already been 

 referred to. The trees are all seed- 

 lings, but the fruit is nevertheless 

 remarkably good and uniform in 

 appearance, size, and quality. The 

 production of the other citrous fruits 

 is very limited, and in the order of 

 their importance they are: Pomelo 

 (Citrus grandis), calamondin (C. 

 mitis), lime (C. aurantifolia), orange 

 (C. sinensis), cabuyao (Papeda his- 

 trix). The variation in these species 

 is very .great and several natural 

 hybrids occur. (See Philippine 

 Bureau of Agriculture, Bulletin No. 

 27.) 



The mango (Mangifera indica) is 

 the third most important commer- 

 cial fruit in the Philippines and, 

 excepting the mandarin, the only 

 one that is exported. The three most 

 important types of mangoes are Car- 

 abao, Pico and Pahutan. Only the 

 first two are worthy of cultivation. 

 Cavite, Cebu, Bohol, Nueva Ecija, 

 Pangasinan and Zambales lead in 

 mango-production. (See Philippine 

 Bureau of Agriculture, Bulletin No. 

 18.) 



The pineapple (Ananas sativus) is 

 grown chiefly for its fiber and is cul- 

 tivated principally in Samar, Occi- 

 dental Negros, Tayabas and Bula- 

 can. Bataan supplies Manila with 

 pineapples during its season; the 

 variety grown is of good quality 

 and flavor. Cayenne and Spanish 

 were introduced in 1912. The chico 

 (Achras Sapota) is grown to a con- 

 siderable extent and is of good qual- 

 ity; the guava (Psidium Guajava) is 

 naturalized everywhere; the lanzon 

 (Lansium domesticum) is well es- 

 teemed, and Manila is fairly well 

 supplied with this fruit during its 

 season. The soursop (Annona muri- 

 cata) and the sugar-apple (Annona 

 squamosa) are the most generally 

 grown fruits of the genus; the cus- 

 tard-apple (Annona reticulata) is less 

 esteemed. The duhat (Eugenia jam- 

 bolana) is the most generally dis- 

 tributed species in the genus; the 

 yambo (Eugenia Jambos) is very 



1993. Typical house near Manila. Roof 

 made of nipa palm. 



1994. A typical laborer's hut in Manila. 

 Also made of nipa palm. 



1995. A hay (rice grass) carrier in Manila. 



rare. The mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana) and durian 

 (Durw zibethinus) have not yet been introduced north 

 of Mindanao. 



The betelnut (Areca Catechu) is of great local impor- 

 tance at present but the use of this stimulant is 

 decreasing. 



The above are the most important of the Philippine 

 fruits. The following are grown to more or less extent: 



Alubihod (Spondias mangifera), alupag (Euphoria 

 cinerea), bauno (Mangifera verticillata), bignay (Anti- 



desma bunius), bitongol (Flacourtia sepiaria), bobog, 

 (Sterculia fcetida), camanchile (Pithecolobium dulce), 

 camia (Averrhoa Bilimbi), carambola (Averrhoa Caram- 

 bola), cashew (Anacardium occidentale) , catmon (Dil- 

 lenia philippinensis) , cereza (Muntingia calabura), 

 chico-mamey (Lucuma mammosa), ciruela (Spondias 

 purpurea), citron (Citrus medica), date (Phoenix dacty- 

 lifera), fig (Ficus Carica), granadilla (Passiflora quad-, 

 rangularis), grape (Vitis vinifera), 

 iba (Phyllanthus acidus), igot (Eu- 

 genia sp.), jak (Artocarpus integ- 

 rifolia), kambog (Dillenia speciosa), 

 kaki (Diospyros Kaki), kayam (I no- 

 carpus edulis), lemoncito (Triphasia 

 aurantiola), libas (Garcinia Vidallii), 

 longan (Euphoria Longana), mabolo 

 (Diospyros discolor), macopa (Eu- 

 genia javanica and E. malaccensis) , 

 manzanita (Zizyphus jujiiba), mar- 

 ang (Artocarpus odoratissima), 

 mulberry (Morus nigra), pangi (Pan- 

 gium edule), pili nuts (Canarium 

 ovatum, and C. pacyphyllum) , pome- 

 granate (Punica granatum), santol 

 (Sandoricum indicum), strawberry 

 (Fragraria vesca), tamarind (Tama- 

 rindus indica), togop, (Artocarpus 

 elastica), zapote (Dwspyros Eben- 

 aster) . 



As the islands are becoming- better 

 explored, other fruits will un- 

 doubtedly be added to this list. 



The following fruits have been 

 introduced by the Bureau of Agri- 

 culture within the last few years: 



The avocado (Per sea gratissima), 

 cherimoy a (Annona Cherimola) , 

 roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa), hevi 

 (Spondias cytherese), hogplum (S. 

 lutea), tiess (Lucuma Rivicoa var. 

 angustifolia), boracho (Lucuma sali- 

 tifolia), ceriman (Monsteradeliciosa), 

 tree tomato (Cyphomandra betacea), 

 caranda (Carissa Carandas), carissa 

 (Carissa bispinosa), Cecropia pal- 

 mata, pitanga (Eugenia uniflora), 

 caymito (Chrysophyllum Cainito), 

 Dillenia indica, ginepap (Genipa 

 americana), Phyllanthus emblica, bael 

 (Mgle Marmelos), cattley guava 

 (Psidium Catlleianum), biriba (Rol- 

 linia orthopetala) , casimiroa (Casi- 

 miroa edulis). 



During the past year, the leading 

 varieties of citrous fruits have been 

 introduced from their respective 

 countries; also a large collection of 

 mango varieties from India. 



The most important vegetables 

 are the sweet potato, here called 

 camote (Ipomoea Batatas), ubi (Dios- 

 corea alata), bo!6t (D. fasciculata) , 

 name (D. saliva), and gabe (Colocasia 

 antiquorum), of all of which there 

 are several varieties. If the cassava 

 (Manihot utilissima) may be classed 



as a vegetable, this is another of great importance. 

 The tomato, eggplant, sitao (Vigna Catjang), patani 

 (Phaseolus lunatus), sincamas (Pachyrhizus angulatus), 

 squash (Cucurbita maxima), and pumpkin (Cucurbita 

 Pepo) come next in importance. 



The following vegetables are also grown in the 

 Philippines: Apalia (Momordica balsamina), batao 

 (Dolichos Lablab), beet (Beta vulgaris), buting (Phaseo- 

 lus vulgaris), cabbage (Brassica oleracea), cadyos 

 (Cajanus indicus), carrot (Daucus Carota), chile (Capsi- 



