J 



JABOTICABA. This name is applied in southeastern 

 Brazil to the fruits of several species of Myrciaria, 

 notably M. cauliflora, and M. jaboticaba, of the family 

 Myrtacese. See Myrciaria. 



The jaboticabeira, or jaboticaba tree, occurs not only 

 in the wild state in various parts of Minas Geraes, 

 Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and adjoining states, but is 

 commonly planted in gardens, and the fruit, which does 

 not differ much in character among the various species, 

 is held in the highest esteem by Brazilians of all classes. 

 When well grown the tree is extremely handsome, 

 reaching a height of 35 or 40 feet, with an umbrageous, 

 dome-shaped head of light green foliage, the new growth 

 pink. The persistent entire leaves are opposite, ovate- 

 elliptical to lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the apex, 

 generally glabrous, varying from % inch to over 3 

 inches in length. The flowers are small, white, with 

 four petals and a prominent cluster of stamens. They 

 are produced singly or in clusters directly upon the 

 bark of the trunk and limbs. The season of flowering 

 and fruiting varies with the different species and in 

 different localities; sometimes two or more crops a 

 year are produced. 



The fruit is nearly sessile or with a slender peduncle 

 about 1 inch long, and is round or slightly oblate in 

 form. It is % inch to 1-1 ^ inches in diameter, glossy, 

 maroon-purple in color, and crowned with a small disk 

 at the apex. The skin is thicker than that of a grape, 

 and considerably tougher. The translucent, juicy 

 pulp, white or tinged with rose, is of a most agreeable 

 vinous flavor, remarkably suggestive of the grape, to 

 which the jaboticaba is frequently compared. The 

 seeds, one to four in number, are oval to round in out- 

 line, compressed laterally, % to % inch long. When 

 heavily laden with fruit, the tree is a curious sight. Not 

 only is the trunk covered with glistening jaboticabas, 

 but the fruiting extends out to the ends of the small 

 branches as well. 



The fruit is usually consumed when fresh, but in 

 former days was used by the Indians for the manu- 

 facture of wine. It is sometimes made into jelly or 

 jam. In the markets of Rio de Janeiro, jaboticabas sell 

 for about 25 cents a pound, and considerable quantities 

 are shipped in from Minas Geraes and Sao Paulo. 



The tree prefers a soil that is rich and deep. Its 

 growth is slow, six to eight years being required for it to 

 come into bearing. Propagation in Brazil is almost 

 always by seed, but inarching or some other vegetative 

 means is necessary to perpetuate good varieties. There 

 is much variation among seedlings. In California the 

 jaboticaba makes very slow growth, and is adapted only 

 to the most protected locations. It has been planted in 

 Florida very recently, and may prove adapted to some 

 sections of that state. When young the trees are very 

 susceptible to frost, but when they have attained a few 

 years' growth they will withstand slight frosts without 

 serious injury. For a more complete account, see 

 "Journal of Heredity," Vol. V, No. 7, 1914. 



F. W. POPENOE. 



JACARANDA (Brazilian name) . Bignoniacese . Hand- 

 some tubular-flowered trees and shrubs, grown far 

 South and also under glass. 



Leaves opposite, 2-pinnate, rarely 1-pinnate; Ifts. 

 usually numerous, entire or dentate: fls. showy blue or 

 violet, mostly in terminal or axillary panicles, often very 

 freely produced; calyx small, 5-toothed; corolla-tube 



straight or curved, regular at the base or somewhat 

 constricted above the ovary and broadened above; 

 corolla-limb somewhat 2-lipped, the 5 lobes rounded 

 and spreading and nearly equal ; disk thick and cushion- 

 like; perfect stamens 4, didynamous; staminode about 

 as long as the stamens, club-shaped at the apex and 

 often bearded at the top : fr. an oblong, ovate or broad 

 dehiscent caps. Species about 50, in the American 

 tropics. Prop, by cuttings of half-ripened wood. Under 

 glass they are considered to be warmhouse subjects. 



ovalifolia, R. Br. (J. mimossefolia, D. Don). Tree, 

 50 ft. and more: Ivs. distant, spreading, oblong, villous: 

 fls. blue (and a white variety) more or less horizontal. 

 Brazil. B.R. 631. B.M. 2327. R.H. 1897:132. G.C. III. 

 36:224. G.M. 49:71. J. ovalifolia perhaps ranks 

 among the best flowering trees or shrubs for subtropical 

 regions. It is now much recommended as a street tree 

 in S. Calif., it being deciduous only in early spring. 

 The foliage is as finely cut as a fern, symmetrical and 

 elegant. The Ivs. are decussate, distant, each one with 

 16 or more pairs of pinnae, each pinna having 14-24 

 pairs of Ifts. The plant bears loose, pyramidal panicles, 

 8 in. high, of 40-90 blue fls., each 2 in. long and 1^ in. 

 wide, which have a long, bent, swelling tube and the 2 

 lobes of 1 lip smaller than the 3 other lobes. It is one 

 of the best of foliage plants for the S., valuable alike for 

 florists' decorations, conservatory, subtropical bedding 

 in the N., or for lawn specimens in Fla., where, if cut 

 back by frost, it rapidly recovers its beauty. It stands 

 pruning well, and can be kept in regular form. There is 

 some confusion between the names, J. ovalifolia and 

 J. mimosaefolia, both being made in the year 1822. 



cuspidifolia, Mart. As compared with J. ovalifolia, 

 Ivs. said to attain a larger size and to have more Ifts., 

 fls. larger and in larger panicles, and brighter blue, tree 

 more vigorous. Lvs. glabrous, with 8-10 pairs of Ifts. 

 and the Ifts. again divided into 10^15 pairs, the ulti- 

 mate Ifts. entire, lanceolate, cuspidate at apex, the 

 secondary rachis winged: fls. in large terminal thyrse, 

 blue- violet, the corolla nearly 1^ in. long. Brazil, 

 Argentina; advertised in S. Calif. 



cheldnia, Griseb. Tree, 30-90 ft., of globular shape: 

 foliage fern-like, very ornamental: fls. large, blue, in 

 strict terminal panicles 1 ft. long; calyx-lobes lance- 

 linear and narrowly acuminate; corolla glandular- 

 puberulent. Paraguay, Argentina. Wood said to be 

 veined with rose, and valued in S. Amer. for cabinet 

 work. 



acutifolia, Humb. & Bonpl. Tree, glabrous: Ivs. 2-pin- 

 nate, the Ifts. 6-8 pairs and ultimate Ifts. many and 

 acuminate, entire, the petiole canaliculate and rachis 

 winged: corolla silky, the tube straight, violet: panicle 

 terminal and axillary. Peru. Offered abroad. 



L. H. B.f 



JACK BEAN: Canavalia. 

 JACK-FRUIT: Artocarpus integrifolia. 

 JACK-IN-A-BOX: Hernandia. 

 JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT: Arissema. 



JACKSONIA (named for George Jackson, a Scotch 

 botanist). Syn. Piptdmeris. Leguminosae. Stiff, leafless 

 shrubs or subshrubs, sometimes grown as greenhouse 

 subjects: branchlets often phyllodineous or If .-like, 

 very much branched and spinescent: Ivs. replaced by 



109 



(1713) 



