JUNIPERUS 



JUNIPERUS 



1727 



A. Foliage always needle-shaped and in S's, rigid, jointed 



at the base: fls. axillary, dioecious: winter-buds 

 with scale-like Ivs. (See also Nos. 7 and 8.) 



B. Fr. large, %-l in. across, with the seeds connate into 



a usually S-celled bony stone. (Caryocedrus.) 



1. drupacea, Labill. Pyramidal tree with narrow 

 head, to 45 ft. : Ivs. lanceolate, spiny-pointed, M~M m - 

 long and Ji~Min. broad (the broadest of all species), 

 with 2 white lines above: fr. bluish black, edible. S. E. 

 Eu., W.Asia. G.C. 1854:455; III. 19:519. R.H. 1854, 

 p. 165; 1904, pp. 357, 358. 



BB. Fr. smaller; seeds not connate, usually 3. (Oxycedrus.) 

 c. Lvs. with 2 white lines above. 



2. macrocarpa, Sibth. (J. neaboriensis, Gord.). 

 Shrub or small tree, to 12 ft., of dense pyramidal habit: 

 Ivs. crowded, linear-lanceolate, spiny-pointed, spread- 

 ing, >^-Min. long: fr. to J^in. across, dark brown, 

 glaucous. Medit. region. 



3. Cedrus, Webb & Berth. (J. pendula, Loud.). 

 Tree, to 12 ft., with pendulous branches; the trunk to 



3 ft. diam.: branchlets bluish green, angled: Ivs. very 

 crowded, curved or straight, spreading, linear-lanceo- 

 late, acute or obtusish, scarcely spiny, J^-J^in. long: 

 fr. subglobose, M~/^ m - l n g> bluish at first, finally 

 orange-brown, 1-seeded. Canary Isls. Antoine, 

 Cupressineen Gatt. 19. Cult, in Calif. The abnormal 

 development of thickness in comparison to height is one 

 of the peculiarities of the species. 



4. Oxycedrus, Linn. Bushy shrub or small tree, to 

 12 ft., with rather slender branches: Ivs. linear, spiny- 

 pointed, spreading, H-%hi- : fr. globose, ^-^in. 

 across, brown, shining, not or slightly glaucous. Medit. 

 region. H.W. 1, p. 193. 



cc. Lvs. with 1 white line above. 



5. rigida, Sieb. & Zucc. Small, pyramidal tree, to 

 30 ft., or spreading shrub with the slender branches 

 pendulous at the extremities: Ivs. in closely set whorls, 

 narrow-linear, stiff, yellowish green, J^-l in. long: fr. 

 about M m - across, dark violet. Japan. S.Z. 125. 

 S.I.F. 1:12. Graceful, hardy shrub, somewhat similar 

 to J. communis var. oblonga, but the Ivs. more crowded 

 and stiff er. 



6. communis, Linn. COMMON JUNIPER. Upright 

 shrub or tree, sometimes attaining to 40 ft. : Ivs. linear 

 or linear-lanceolate, concave and with a broad white 

 band above, spiny-pointed, M~M m - long: fr. almost 

 sessile, dark blue, glau- 

 cous, J^ M m - across. 



Arctic N. Amer. south to 

 Pa., 111., and in the Rocky 

 Mts. to N. Mex., N. and 

 Cent. Eu. and N. Asia. 

 H.W. 1:10. A very vari- 

 able species; some of the 

 most important varieties 

 are the following: Var. 

 a u r e o - variegata, Hort. 

 Upright form, with the 

 tips of the branchlets 

 golden yellow. Var. de- 

 pressa, Pursh (J. com- 

 munis var. canadensis, 

 Loud. J. canadensis, 

 Burgsd. /. nana cana- 

 densis, Carr.). Fig. 2023. Forming broad patches, the 

 sts. ascending from a procumbent base, rarely exceeding 



4 ft. in height. The Ivs. somewhat shorter and broader. 

 Var. aurea, Hort. (J. nana var. canadensis aiirea, 

 Beissn. J. canadensis aiirea, Hort.). Like the former, 

 but tips of branchlets golden yellow. Gng. 5:67. Var. 

 hemisphaerica, Parl. (J. hemisphserica, Presl). A low, 

 dense, rounded bush, rarely more than 3 ft. high: Ivs. 

 straight and stiff, short. Mountains of S. Eu. and N. 



Afr. Var. hibernica, Gord. (var. stricta, Carr.). Narrow, 

 columnar form, with upright branches, deep green, tips 

 of branchlets erect. G. 4:521. Gng. 1:355. Var. 

 montana, Ait. (J. communis nana, Loud. J. nana, 

 Willd. J. alpina, S. F. Gray. J. sibirica, Burgsd.). Low, 

 spreading or procumbent shrub, seldom over 2 ft. high: 

 Ivs. oblong-linear, abruptly pointed, usually incurved, 

 densely clothing the branches, with a broad silvery 

 white line above, J^-^in. long. Arctic and mountain- 

 ous regions. H.W. 1:10. M.D.G. 1910:123. Var. 

 Jackii, Rehd. Prostrate, with flagelliform trailing 

 branches often to 3 ft. long, and almost unbranched 

 except for occasional clusters of short lateral branch- 

 lets 1-2 in. long: Ivs. linear-lanceolate, incurved. Ore., 

 N. Calif. Var. oblonga, Loud. (.7. oblonga, Bieb.). 

 Upright shrub, with slender, diverging and recurving 

 branches : Ivs. thin, long-attenuate, horizontally spread- 

 ing, bright green. Transcaucasia. Var. oblongo-pen- 

 dula, Carr. (var. reflexa, Parl.). Similar to the pre- 

 ceding, but more decidedly pendulous. A very grace- 

 ful form. C.L.A. 11:308. Var. pendula, Carr. Shrub, 

 with spreading, recurving branches and pendulous 

 branchlets. Var. suecica, Loud. (vsiT.fastigiata, Hort.). 

 Narrow, columnar form, growing sometimes into a 

 tree to 40 ft. high, with rather long, spreading Ivs., the 

 branchlets with drooping tips: of lighter and more bluish 

 color than the similar var. hibernica. 



AA. Foliage usually of 2 kinds of Ivs. (Fig. 2025) usually 

 opposite, decurrent: fls. terminal: no distinct winter- 

 buds. (Sabina.) 



B. Lvs. in S's, lanceolate, short, loosely oppressed: fr. 

 oblong. 



7. recurva, Ham. (J. repdnda, Hort.). Shrub or 

 small tree, to 30 ft., with spreading and usually recurv- 

 ing branches: branchlets slender: Ivs. crowded, curved, 

 appressed, linear-lanceolate, pointed, grayish or glau- 

 cous green with a whitish band above, K~/4 m - long: 

 fr. olive-brown or blackish purple, when fully ripe, 

 about J^in. long, 1-seeded. Himalayas. G.C. II. 

 19:468. Gn. 22, p. 107; 36, p. 215. Var. densa, Carr. 

 Dwarf, with short, crowded branchlets: Ivs. curved, 

 grayish green. 



8. squamata, Lamb. (J. recurva var. squamata, Parl. 

 J. recurva var. densa, Hort.). Decumbent shrub, 

 sometimes ascending: 



branchlets thick, ascend- 

 ing at the apex: Ivs. 



2023. Juniperus communis var. depressa. 



crowded, loosely appressed, linear-lanceolate or lanceo- 

 late, straight or slightly curved, grayish or bluish 

 green, with 2 grayish white bands above: fr. bluish 

 black, globose-ovoid, ^-J^in. across. Himalayas, W. 

 China. Var. Fargesii, Rehd. & Wilson. Tree, to 70 

 ft.: Ivs. longer and narrower, linear-lanceolate, more 

 spreading, usually about J^in. long, acuminate: fr. 

 ovoid, %m. long. W. China. It has proved hardy at 

 the Arnold Arboretum. 



