1728 



JUNIPERUS 



JUNIPERUS 



BB. Lvs. mostly opposite, scale-like or of 2 kinds, usually 

 with a gland on the back: fr. mostly globular. 



c. Fr. erect or nodding: mostly trees. 



D. Color of fr. reddish brown, with rather dry, fibrous 



flesh: Ivs. minutely denticulate. 



9. phoenicea, Linn. Shrub or small tree, to 20 ft., 

 with ovate-pyramidal head and upright branches: 

 branchlets slender: Ivs. acicular and spreading or scale- 

 like, imbricate, rhombic, obtuse, opposite, often bluish 

 green: fr. H~K m - across, shining, with 3-6 seeds. S. 

 Eu., N. Afr. Canary Isls. H.W. 1, p. 194. M.D. 

 1911, pp. 286, 287 (habit). 



10. californica, Carr. Fig. 2024. Pyramidal tree, to 

 40 ft., or shrub with many erect branches: branchlets 

 rather stout: Ivs. usually in 3's, imbricate, rhombic, 

 obtuse, thick, yellowish green, with conspicuous gland, 

 only on vigorous branches acicular: fr. J-^-^in. long, 

 with bluish bloom and with 1-2 large seeds. Calif. S.S. 

 10:517. R.H. 1854, p. 353. A.G. 1890:10. 



DD. Color of fr. bluish black or blue, with juicy, 

 resinous flesh. 



E. Imbricate Ivs. usually in 3's, minutely denticulate. 



11. occidentalis, Hook. Tree, to 40 feet, rarely to 60 

 ft., with spreading branches forming a broad, low head, 

 or shrub with several upright sts. : branchlets stout 

 and thick, imbricate, ovate, acute, grayish green, rarely 

 acicular: fr. subglobose or ovoid, J^-H m - long, with 

 2-3 seeds. Wash, to Calif. S.S. 10:521. 



EE. Imbricate Ivs. opposite, entire or nearly so. 



F. Seeds of fr. 2-6. 

 G. Point of imbricate Ivs. acute: branchlets slender. 



12. excelsa, Bieb. Tree, to 60 feet, with pyramidal 

 head and upright or spreading branches: Ivs. ovate, 



spreading, mostly 

 opposite, but in 

 3's on the lower 

 branches, rhom- 

 bic, bluish green: 

 fr. bluish black, 

 bloomy, globular, 

 about J'ijin. across, 

 with 3-6 seeds. 

 Greece, W. Asia to 

 Himalayas. G t . 

 46, p. 209. Var. 

 stricta, Hort. Of 

 upright, columnar 

 habit, with very 

 glaucous foliage. 

 Var. variegata, 

 Carr. Foliage 

 variegated with 

 yellowish white. 



13. procera, 

 Hochst. Tree, to 

 100 or 150 ft., 

 similar to the pre- 

 ceding: Ivs. in 

 3's, or opposite, 

 lanceolate and 

 spreading or 

 loosely appressed 

 and ovate-lanceolate: fr. globose, small, about }^in. 

 across, 2-3-seeded. Mountains of E. Afr. Probably 

 the tallest species of the genus. 



GG. Point of imbricate Ivs. obtuse. 

 14. chinensis, Linn. (J. sinensis, Hort.). Tree, to 

 60 ft., or shrub, sometimes procumbent: branches 

 rather slender: Ivs. opposite or whorled, linear, pointed 

 and spreading, with a white band above or scale-like, 

 appressed, rhombic, obtuse: fr. globular, brownish 



violet, bloomy, ^f-^in. across, with 2 or 3 seeds. 

 Himalayas, China, Japan. S.Z. 126, 127. S.I.F. 1:12. 

 G.C. 111.42:163. C.L.A. 11:308. G.W. 1, p. 305. 

 Very variable in habit: the staminate plant usually 

 forms a much-branched, upright, pyramidal bush, 

 often almost columnar, while the pistillate has slender, 

 spreading branches. They are therefore often dis- 

 tinguished as var. mascula and var. femina (var. 

 Reevesii, Hort.). The first one is the most desirable as 

 an ornamental plant. Var. albo-variegata, Beissn. 

 (var. argentea, Hort.). Dwarf, dense form, with 

 dimorphic Ivs. : tips of branchlets mostly white. Gn.M. 

 6:292. Var. aurea, Beissn. (var. mascula aurea, Hort.). 

 Upright form, with the young branchlets golden yellow, 

 the color becoming more brilliant in the full sun. Var. 

 pendula, Hort. With spreading branches, pendulous 

 at the extremities. Var. Pfitzeriana, Spaeth. Forming 

 a broad pyramid with horizontally spreading branches 

 and nodding branchlets, grayish green. G.W. 5, p. 403. 

 Var. pyramidalis, Carr. Narrow, pyramidal form, with 

 bluish green, mostly needle-shaped foliage. Var. 

 procumbens, Endl. (J. procumbens, Sieb. J. japdnica, 

 Carr.). Dense, low shrub with spreading, sometimes 

 procumbent branches and mostly acicular Ivs. in whorls, 

 with 2 white lines above, longer and stouter than in 

 the type. S.Z. 127, fig. 3. G.W. 13, p. 618. Var. 

 procumbens aurea, Beissn. Branches robust and long, 

 decumbent, with rather few branchlets, young growth 

 golden yellow at first, changing to light green. Var. 

 procumbens aftreo-variegata, Beissn. Dwarf, dense 

 form, variegated with golden yellow. 



15. sphjferica, Lindl. (J. Fortunei, Van Houtte). 

 Similar to the former. Densely branched shrub or tree, 

 to 30 ft., with upright branches: branchlets short, 

 rather thick, quadrangular: Ivs. acicular and whorled, 

 but less rigid than those of the former, or scale-like, 

 rhombic-oblong, somewhat spreading: fr. globular, 

 about J^in. across, not bloomy, 3-seeded. N. China. 

 Probably not specifically different from the preceding 

 species. Var. glauca, Gord. (/. Shephardii, Hort.). 

 Dense form, with usually needle-shaped glaucous 

 foliage. 



FF. Seeds of fr. 1-2; fr. small, }/-%,in. across. 

 G. Trees hardy, sometimes shrubby. 



16. virginiana, Linn. RED CEDAR. SAVIN. Fig. 2025. 

 Tree, to 100 ft., with conical head and spreading or up- 

 right branches: Ivs. acicular, spiny-pointed, spreading 

 or scale-like, rhombic, acute or subacute, imbricate, 

 very small: fr. brownish violet, bloomy, globular or 

 ovoid. Canada to Fla., east of the Rocky Mts. S.S. 

 10:524. G.F. 8:65; 10:145. F.E. 27:147. G.W. 16, p. 

 540. A very variable species. Some of the most 

 important varieties are the following: Var. albo-spi- 

 cata, Beissn. Tips of branchlets white. Var. albo-varie- 

 gata, Beissn. Branchlets variegated with white; 

 a very similar more constant form is "Triomphe d' 

 Angers." Var. aureo-variegata, Hort. With golden 

 yellow variegation. Var. Cannartii, Beissn. A com- 

 pact, ovate-pyramidal form, dark green, with bloomy 

 bluish fr. Var. Chamberlaynii, Carr. With spreading 

 branches and elongated, pendulous branchlets: Ivs. 

 dimorphic, grayish green. Var. dumosa, Carr. Dense 

 shrub, forming a rounded pyramid, with mostly needle- 

 shaped, bright green Ivs. Var. elegantissima, Hort. 

 Tips of young branchlets golden yellow. Var. glauca, 

 Carr. Vigorous-growing form, with glaucous foliage. 

 Var. globdsa, Beissn. Compact globose form with 

 bright green scale-like foliage. Var. pendula, Carr. 

 With spreading limbs and slender, pendulous branches: 

 Ivs. usually scale-like. Var. plumdsa, Hort. A graceful 

 pyramidal form with needle-shaped Ivs., the tips whitish 

 (var. plumdsa alba or plumdsa argentea, Hort.), or pure 

 white (var. plumdsa nivea, Schwendt.). Var. pyram- 

 idalis, Carr. Dense, columnar form, with the foliage 

 glaucous (var. pyramidalis glauca} or bright green (var. 



