1730 



JURINEA 



JUTE 



S. Eu., N. W. Afr., to Cent. Asia. None of the species 

 is of great horticultural value, although sometimes cult. 

 They thrive in any ordinary garden soil and are prop, 

 by seeds or division of the roots hi spring. J. alata, Cass. 

 Height 3-4 ft.: perennial, or according to Boissier, bien- 

 nial: st. erect, winged below, 1-1 M ft. high: radical 

 Ivs. 6 in. long, oblong and lyrate, nearly glabrous above 

 and canescent beneath: st.-lvs. lanceolate, sinuate- 

 dentate, decurrent: heads hemispherical, long-pedun- 

 cled, the involucre-bracts narrow-linear and the outer 

 ones short-mucronulate and the apex spreading; florets 

 purplish blue: achene 4-angled and muricate, the 

 pappus exceeding it. Caucasus. J.H. III. 66:442. 

 While J. alata is definitely described as biennial and as 

 reaching a height of 18 in. in cult., the plant grown 

 under this name, and which is apparently correctly 

 determined, is said to be perennial and to grow 3-4 ft. 

 high, having a silvery aspect in the foliage. L. jj, R. 



JUSSL&A (Bernard de Jussieu, 1699-1777, who laid 

 the foundations of a modern natural system of the 

 vegetable kingdom). Also written Jussieua. Ona- 

 grdcese. PRIMROSE WILLOW. This genus includes one or 

 two herbs that are more or less cultivated, one at least 

 as a water plant. , 



Herbs, shrubs or even tree-like plants, with alternate 

 usually entire but sometimes serrate mostly narrow 

 Ivs., and sometimes more or less showy axillary or 

 solitary white or yellow fls.: calyx tubular with 4-6 

 acute persistent lobes; petals 4-6, spreading, inserted 

 on margin of the disk ; stamens 8-12 in 2 rows, inserted 

 with the petals; ovary 4-5-celled, style simple, stigma 

 4-6-lobed: fr. a terete, angled or costate, dehiscent, 

 many-seeded caps. Species about 50, widely distribu- 

 ted in temperate and warm regions, but most abundant 

 in S. Amer. ; some are native in the U. S. 



The horticultural interest in this genus, in this 

 country, centers about the plant known in the trade as 

 J. longifolia, a summer-flowering aquatic herb, and 

 differing somewhat from the botanical description 

 given below. The stems of young seedlings are four- 

 winged, and a specimen before the writer of a plant of 

 the previous season is five-winged. The main root of 

 these old plants may be tuber-like, 3 inches long, 3^inch 

 thick, or 8 to 10 inches long and more slender. Also 

 the lower leaves, at least, are opposite. J. longifolia is 

 best treated as a tender annual. The seed may be sown 

 in fall or spring in shallow water, using seed-pans or 

 pots, as with other flower seeds. Cover the seed, which 

 is very fine, with finely sifted soil, place the pot or 

 seed-pan in water, but do not submerge until the second 

 day, when the seed will be thoroughly soaked and will 

 not float on the surface of the water. When the plants 

 attain a few leaves they should be potted, singly, into 

 thumb-pots, and later into 3-inch pots, and from these 

 planted into their summer quarters. It is not absolutely 

 necessary to keep these plants always submerged in 

 water after potting. The plants will do well on a bench, 

 which should be covered with sand or ashes and the 

 plants kept well watered. (Wm. Tricker.) 



longifolia, DC. Erect, glabrous: st. 3-angled: Ivs. 

 sessile, lanceolate-linear, acuminate at both ends, 

 glandular beneath at the margins: pedicels 1-fld., longer 

 than the ovary, and bearing 2 bractlets at the apex: 

 petals 4, obovate, scarcely notched at the apex; sta- 

 mens 8. Brazil. It is not clear whether this is the 

 plant that is listed as J. longifolia. 



Sprengeri, Hort. Evergreen prostrate perennial, 

 somewhat soft-hairy, much branched, the st. winged: 

 Ivs. opposite, crowded, ovate and acute: fls. very large, 

 canary-yellow. Argentina. Offered abroad (Sprenger, 



Naples) ; said to be one of the most beautiful aquatic 

 plants and that it grows equally well if grown as a ter- 

 restrial subject. L H B t 



JUSTICIA (James Justice, a Scotch gardener and 

 author of the eighteenth century). Acanthacese. 

 Greenhouse plants, grown for the showy fascicles, 

 spikes or panicles of white, violet or red bracted flowers. 



Mostly herbs of various habit, with opposite entire 

 Ivs: calyx deeply divided into 4 or 5 narrow lobes; 

 corolla 2-lipped, the straight or curved tube very 

 short and dilated above, the upper lip erect or in- 

 curved and concave and the summit entire or some- 

 what 2-toothed, the lower lip 3-lobed and spreading; 

 stamens 2 attached in the throat; etaminodia none; 

 disk ring-like or cupulate: caps, ovate or oblong, with 

 seeds 4 or less. Species 250-300, widely distributed in 

 many warm regions, in Amer. reaching as far north as 

 Texas. From Jacobinia, close garden ally, the genus is 

 distinguished by the spurred or appendaged anthers. 

 Justicia is variously understood. Lindau (in Engler & 

 Prantl, Pflanzenfamilien) refers no less than 30 genera 

 to it, among others being Adhatoda and Dianthera. 

 Most of the garden plants known as justicias are 

 jacobinias. Consult Jacobinia, for example, for Justicia 

 magnifica, J. carnea, J. Pohliana, J. velutina, J. Mo- 

 hintlii, J. coccinea, J. Ghiesbreghtiana and J. Lindenii. 

 Others may belong to Thyrsacanthus, Dsedalacanthus 

 and Schaueria; and there has been confusion even with 

 Whitfieldia. 



The remarks on culture under the different species 

 of jacobinias will apply here. Plants are secured readily 

 from cuttings made in late winter or spring, and these 

 should bloom the coming fall or winter. After blooming, 

 discard the plants, except such as are to be kept for 

 furnishing cuttings. Unless well headed back, old 

 plants become loose and weedy, and they take up too 

 much room. 



The Justicia quadrifida now offered in S. Calif., is 

 probably Anisacanthus virgularis, Nees (Justicia virgu- 

 laris, Salisb. J. coccinea, Cav., not Aubl. J. quad- 

 rifida, Vahl. Drejera puberula, Torr.). Plant vigorous, 

 rather straggling, with long erect branches, glabrous: 

 Ivs. deciduous, light green, opposite and decussate, 

 elliptic-lanceolate, spreading, rigid: fls. scarlet-red (or 

 orange-scarlet), usually solitary, axillary in one of the 

 2 opposite axils, thus making a long leafy unilateral 

 spike; corolla-tube long and slender, deeply lobed into 

 4 spreading or recurved parts. Mex. R.H. 1872:50. 

 Autumn and winter in S. Calif., Aug. and Sept. in 

 France. Var. compacta, Franceschi, is a very compact 

 low bush of emerald-green color and covered all sum- 

 mer with orange-scarlet fls.; comes true from seed. 

 Not to be confounded with Justicia quadrifaria, Wall. 



Of the justicias appearing in American lists, only 

 J. furcata, Jacq. (Adhdtoda furcdta, DC.) seems now to 

 be retained in the genus. Herbaceous, pubescent, the 

 st. erect and terete: Ivs. oblong-oval, attenuate to 

 petiole: fls. small, in short aggregated axillary spikes 

 which are often geminate, the bracts linear-lanceolate ; 

 color of fls. purple and white; upper lip 2-fid, the lower 

 3-fid and broad-convex. S. Mex. Said to seed itself 

 freely in S. Calif., but to be of little value. 



J. calletricha and J. calycdtricha, Hort., see Schaueria. J. 

 fl&va, faort., and J. flavlcoma, Lindl. =Schaueria. T TT R 



JTJTE is a fiber plant, of easy culture in warm cli- 

 mates. It has been successfully grown in the Gulf 

 States, but the want of suitable machines for sepa- 

 rating the fiber is the great obstacle which prevents the 

 growth of the jute-fiber industry in America. See Cor- 

 chorus; also "Cyclopedia American Agriculture," Vol. II. 



