KITCHEN (FLOWER)-GARDEN ' 



KNIPHOFIA 



1751 



safely be left undisturbed for three years, providing a 

 good annual stirring of the soil is given in early spring 

 followed by sufficient tillage to establish a dust-mulch 

 throughout the dry weather. Getting down on hands 

 and knees and working around each individual plant 

 with a trowel has many advantages, as it puts one more 

 intimately in touch with the plant than is possible with 

 hoe and spade. Many ambitious little shoots succumb 

 to the onslaught of a too vigorous hoe, that might have 

 been saved by a closer inspection. The presence of 

 insect enemies about the base of the plants is likely to 

 pass unnoticed until much damage is done, when only a 

 standing cultivation is practised; so, one intimate 

 acquaintance with each inmate of the garden is 

 advised at least once a year, preferably in early spring. 



For the remainder of the summer, dependence may 

 be placed on any one of the various forms of hoes, pref- 

 erably the scuffle-hoe, as by the use of this tool one 

 can work closer to the stem of the plants, slipping 

 beneath the leaves and recumbent foliage with little 

 damage. It produces the most perfect dust-mulch of 

 any tool and as it is used walking backward no foot- 

 prints are left on the soil to press a weed back into the 

 ground where it may grow again, as is the case with a 

 wheel-hoe or most hand-hoes, and last, it is the tool 

 best adapted to a woman's use and with it she can 

 accomplish a large amount of labor with little fatigue. 

 A good trowel is essential. In buying this everyday 

 implement, the gardener should choose one in which the 

 blade and handle are in one piece of steel, for a handle 

 riveted or secured to the blade is always unsatisfactory 

 and of short duration. Pruning shears that open easily 

 and fit the hand well are also necessary when shrubs or 

 roses are cultivated. These three articles, together with 

 a spade and rake are about all the indispensable tools 

 aside from a good wheelbarrow and one or more baskets 

 of convenient size. 



When the garden plat is confined with an ornamental 

 wooden fence, painted white as is so much the custom, 

 a good effect is gained by planting tall-growing shrubs 

 in the rear to reach over the fence, furnishing a charm- 

 ing background of bloom and greenery. 



Tall-growing shrubs that make their growth mostly at 

 the crown are especially desirable, as for example, the 

 dogwood, flowering thorns, red-buds, tree lilacs and the 

 tamarix. Shrubs which bloom from the ground up are 

 wasted in the flower-garden. Altheas, syringas, deut- 

 zias, spireas, symphoricarpos, Tartarian honeysuckles, 

 weigelas, snowballs and the like need an open place 

 in which to display their merits to the best. 



As the buying of any great quantity of perennial 

 plants calls for a considerable initial outlay, it is both 

 economical and interesting to grow them from the 

 seed. The seeds may be started in hotbeds in early 

 spring and transplanted into the beds where they are 

 to grow as soon as large enough; or, what may be the 

 better way for many kinds, they may be sown in long 

 rows in the vegetable-garden, where they will receive 

 the same cultivation as the vegetables and be trans- 

 planted 'the following spring. Oriental poppies do 

 especially well under this treatment. Shasta daisies and 

 delphiniums should be planted, but physostegias, 

 hibiscus, aquilegias, achilleas, sweet Williams, dianthus, 

 digitalis, gauras, sunflowers, hollyhocks, may be pro- 

 duced by the hundreds at a very trifling expense. 



Annuals that are desired merely for cutting may also 

 be grown in the vegetable-garden to advantage. Asters, 

 sweet peas, cosmos, arctotis, annual larkspurs, cen- 

 taureas, cornflowers, gaillardias, all the everlastings, 

 may very profitably be relegated to this economic cul- 

 ture and so leave room for more permanent things in the 

 garden proper. I DA p. BENNETT. 



KITCHINGIA (personal name). Crassulacese. Suc- 

 culent glabrous perennial herbs, allied to Bryophyllum 

 but with small calyx and diverging carpels: sts. flexu- 



ose, bearing many opposite sessile or stalked fleshy 

 crenate Ivs. : fls. large for the plant, bright red, terminal, 

 often in loose racemes, the parts in 4's; calyx-segms. 

 as long as tube; corolla-tube campanulate or tubular, 

 sometimes larger in middle, with 4 short lobes; sta- 

 mens 8: carpels 4, free, making small many-seeded 

 follicles. Species 10, in Madagascar. K. uniflora, 

 Stapf, is an attractive prostrate sedum-like plant, root- 

 ing at the joints: Ivs. obovate and obtuse, less than 1 

 in. long, bright green: fls. solitary or 3 together, bright 

 red, the corolla-tube narrowed at both apex and base, 

 about 1 in. long and half as thick; stamens polymorphic. 

 B.M. 8286. R.H. 1913, p. 177. A recent species, suit- 

 able for temperate conditions under glass. 



L. H. B. 



KLEINIA. Of the three genera of Composite of this 

 name, two are referred to Porophyllum and Jaumea, 

 but the trade names will be accounted for under 

 Senecio. 



KLUGIA (Dr. Fr. Klug, German zoologist). Ges- 

 ,neridcese. About 4 blue-fld. herbs, rooting at the base 

 and more or less succulent, suitable for growing in the 

 greenhouse. Lvs. alternate, or sometimes nearly 

 opposite and one of the pair reduced to very small size, 

 the sides of the If. unequal, many-nerved, sinuate or 

 nearly entire: fls. opposite the Ivs. or terminal, small 

 and pendulous, short-stalked; calyx 5-angled or 5- 

 winged, one wing often larger than the others, the lobes 

 of calyx 5; corolla-tube cylindrical, 2-lipped, the upper 

 lip very small and the. lower rounded or somewhat 

 3-lobed; stamens 4, perfect: fr. a 2-valved caps, included 

 in the calyx. India, and 1 species in Mex. K. Notoniana, 

 A. DC. Quick-growing herbaceous annual, 12-18 in., 

 more or less puberulent: Ivs. petiplate, ovate, acumi- 

 nate, 5-^8 in. long: corolla-tube white, J^in. long; large 

 lower lip blue, with yellow at the base; calyx-lobes 

 short and triangular, and one wing larger. India, 2,000- 

 5,000 ft. altitude; variable. Blooms under glass, Jan. to 

 summer. G.C. III. 19:237. K. zeyldnica, Gardn., 

 differs in the long-acuminate calyx-lobes and the wings 

 of calyx nearly equal. Ceylon. B.M. 4620 (as K. 

 Notoniana). L. jj 3. 



KNIPHOFIA (Johann Hieronymus Kniphof, 1704- 

 1765, professor at Erfurt). Syn., Tritoma. Lilidcese. 

 TORCH-LILY. RED-HOT-POKER PLANT. FLAME-FLOWER. 

 Excellent showy perennial herbs grown in the open 

 (some species under glass), with spikes or racemes of 

 long, drooping red and yellow (rarely white) flowers. 



Herbs with abundant radical Ivs. and stout, simple 

 naked scapes or peduncles, the thick roots from a 

 short vertical rootstock, mostly stemless but a few 

 species with a short caudex below the crown of Ivs.: 

 fls. many, in a spike-like raceme or dense head-like 

 spike, on short articulated pedicels; perianth funnel- 

 shaped or cylindrical, the tube long and the nearly or 

 quite equal segms. small and mostly broad; stamens 6, 

 in two lengths, equaling or exceeding the perianth; 

 ovary 3-celled, bearing a filiform style and capitate 

 stigma: fr. a short 3-valved caps. Species probably 

 70, in Trop. and S. Afr. in the tropical regions mostly 

 from high elevations. The genus is rich in good native 

 forms, many of which are scarcely known in general 

 cult., and it is to be expected that important horticul- 

 tural developments will arise in the future. Accounts 

 of the species described to those dates will be found in 

 Flora Capensis (1896-7) and Flora Tropical Africa 

 (1898) in the treatments by Baker, from which the 

 present descriptions have been largely drawn. These 

 descriptions are made mostly from wild plants and 

 therefore may not apply to garden forms, which are 

 very likely to be hybrids. 



The kniphofias are among the most showy of border 

 plants. They are essentially autumn bloomers, but 

 some of the newer kinds are nearly continuous bloomers 



