LAMIUM 



LANDSCAPE GARDENING 1777 



somewhat incise-crenate; floral Ivs. larger, deeply 

 toothed, sessile or nearly so: calyx villous; corolla 3-4 

 times longer than the calyx, straight, purple. Taurus. 

 Said by some to be annual. 



Galeobdolon, Crantz (Galeobdolon luteum, Huds.). 

 YELLOW ARCHANGEL. Perennial, to 1J^ ft. high: Ivs. 

 ovate, petioled, toothed, only slightly or not at all 

 cordate: fls. yellow, in dense axillary whorls; calyx- 

 teeth short; corolla-tube scarcely exceeding calyx; upper 

 lip long, arched. Woods and shady places, Eu. and W. 

 Asia. Little cult, in this country. 



L. dlbum, Linn., not Hort. Perennial with white fls. in close 

 axillary whorls: Ivs. petiolate, coarsely crenate, sometimes with a 

 white spot in center. Eu., Asia. L. pur Album is a garden hybrid 

 between L. purpureum and L. album. L. purpiireum, Linn. 

 Annual with purplish red fls. in leafy whorls: Ivs. small, orbicular, 

 long-petioled, the upper ones short-petioled and ovate: there is a 

 form (L. incisum, Willd.) with cut Ivs. Eu., Asia. T TT T> 



LAMPROCOCCUS: Mchmea. 



LANDOLPHIA (Landolphe, commander of a W. 

 African expedition). Apocyndcese. About 60 species of 

 hairy or glabrous shrubs, mostly climbing by special- 

 ized tendrils, of Trop. and S. E. Afr. and adjacent 



underlying part of the art. The art of the constructing 

 landscape artist is more than gardening. In this Cyclo- 

 pedia, which deals with horticulture, there is naturally 

 no attempt to cover the subject of landscape archi- 

 tecture; only the gardening or horticultural phases and 

 their implications are considered, and this is why the 

 term landscape gardening is used. This will also 

 explain why many of the important landscape subjects 

 are omitted from this discussion, as city planning, civic 

 improvement, and the like (see Garden Cities, page 1313) : 

 for these phases are not particularly horticultural. 



Here are brought together several discussions on the 

 use of plant materials in the plan of the home ground 

 and in the making of public landscapes. The articles 

 are as follows: 



The art of designing landscapes (Manning) , page 1783. 

 The Japanese garden (Tanimura, Verbeck), page 1789. 

 Formalgardens (Vitale), page 1793. 



The landscape treatment of small grounds (Cowell), page 1796. 

 The landscape treatment of parks (Olmsted), page 1801. 

 Landscape cemeteries (Simonds), page 1807. 

 Horticultural phases of civic art (Waugh), page 1811. 

 Landscape extension (Miller), page 1813. 



Lawns and lawn-making in landscape planting (Parsons, Berck- 

 mans), page 1816. 



2064. Gardens of the Pope, on the Quirinal, Rome. From Falda's "Li Giardini di Roma." 



islands, probably not regularly cult. Lvs. opposite, 

 varying in size; stipules wanting: fls. mostly white or 

 yellowish, small to medium-sized, rarely as much as 2 

 in. long in bud, in corymbs or panicles; sepals 5, free 

 or connate at base; corolla salverform with a short 

 more or less cylindrical tube, the lobes 5; stamens 

 included; ovary entire, 1-celled; stigma conical, 2-lobed: 

 fr. a globose or pyriform body, sometimes large. Some 

 of the species are sometimes mentioned in horticultural 

 literature but do not seem to be listed by dealers in 

 ornamental plants. Most of them are presumably 

 warmhouse subjects. Some of them are rubber plants. 

 See Cyclo. Amer. Agric., Vol. II, p. 559. L H. B. 



LANDSCAPE GARDENING is the application of 

 garden forms, methods and materials to the improve- 

 ment of the landscape; and the landscape, in this 

 relationship, is any area, large or small, on which it is 

 possible or desirable to develop a view or a design. 



The art that designs and makes landscapes is known 

 mostly by the name landscape architecture, although 

 there is now a tendency to call it by other names. 

 Landscape gardening is the older term ; but this term is 

 considered not to be broad enough or bold enough to 

 suggest the large elements of design that form an 



113 



"Gardening may be divided into three species 

 kitchen-gardening parterre-gardening and landskip, 

 or picturesque-gardening: which latter is the subject 

 intended in the following pages It consists in pleasing 

 the imagination by scenes of grandeur, beauty, or 

 variety. Convenience merely has no share here; any 

 farther than as it pleases the imagination." These are 

 the opening lines of "Unconnected Thoughts on Gar- 

 dening," by the poet William Shenstone, 1764. These 

 sentences probably gave the world the term landscape 

 gardening, to embody the growing desire to make 

 grounds like nature. Milton, Addison, Pope, and the 

 Dutch painters, expressed the awakening to the 

 charms of the external world and hastened the day of 

 freedom and naturalness. These and others had pro- 

 tested, directly or indirectly, against the artificialisms 

 of living, as Bacon, also, in the following sentence, had 

 protested: "As for the making of Knots or Figures, 

 with divers Colored Earths, they be but toys, you may 

 see as good sights many times in Tarts. . . I do not 

 like Images cut out of Juniper, or other garden-stuff; 

 they are for Children." 



One does not know what Shenstone's protest meant 

 until one knows the style of gardening that had been 

 and still was in vogue. Gardens were fantastic construe- 



