LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



LANDSCAPE GARDENING 1787 



the public in lectures, books, government and state 

 publications. 



The thorns, flowering dogwood, red-bud, wild crabs, 

 and in the warmer sections the red bay, crape-myrtle 

 and camellia, with a spread of 15 to 20 feet, are most 

 suitable to give shade and make screens and borders in 

 small lots. Such large shrubs as the weeping golden- 

 bell, mock orange, syringa or Persian lilac have an 

 ultimate spread of 10 to 15 feet, so they should not 

 find place in a narrow part of the border. For small 

 areas, such narrow, tall shrubs as the white lilac and 

 panicled dogwood will be suitable to give high and 

 medium high foliage. For medium high borders, such 

 shrubs as Lemoine's syringa, Missouri currant, weigela, 

 Van Houtte's spirea, faced with such small kinds as the 

 dwarf deutzia, Indian currant, snowberry, Scotch rose 

 and the dwarfer forms of the Thunberg's barberry are 

 the safest to use. 



When there is not too much lime in the soil, a broad- 

 leaved evergreen bed can be established on the shady 

 side of the house in which such tall varieties of rhodo- 

 dendrons, as album elegans or album grandiflorum, 

 would be next to the blank house 

 walls faced down with the lower- 

 growing and more spreading 

 crimson- or purple-flowered va- 

 rieties, or with mountain laurel, 

 edged with the low andromedas 

 or dwarf rhododendrons. 



The narrow strip next to a 

 neighbor's blank wall or back 

 yard, or between the entrance 

 passages and the laundry or 

 other service - yards, may be 

 planted with such narrow tall- 

 growing shrubs as the panicled 

 dogwood, or such easily procured 

 pyramidal trees as the Lom- 

 bardy or Bolleana poplars, or 

 the less common pyramidal 

 varieties of the birch and ginkgo. 

 If the space be very narrow, one 

 could have a trellis covered with 

 flat-growing vines such as the 

 Boston ivy and the Japanese 

 honeysuckle, which is nearly 

 evergreen, or the Virginia creeper, 

 which will also grow in shade. 

 If a full evergreen cover is 



Japanese barberry, and a little farther south the winter 

 jasmine. 



If a red floral display is desired in the warmest sec- 

 tions, the bottle-brush tree, crape - myrtle, Japanese 

 quince, russelia, hibiscus and poinsettias are available. 



There are also several families of plants such as the 

 heath and rose families, or the Coniferae, that con- 

 tain a sufficient variety in size, outline, foliage, flower 

 and fruit completely to plant a place. 



These planting suggestions relate chiefly to the older 

 parts of the country with normal conditions of soil, 

 cultivation and humidity. There are many sections and 

 localities in which special soil, climatic and cultural 

 conditions dictate the use of different types of plants 

 and also determine the extent and character of plans 

 for the development of places. On the southern Cali- 

 fornia coast and in the arid Great Basin between the 

 coast range and the Rocky Mountains, turf and the 

 ordinary cultivated plants must be irrigated, and, as 

 water is expensive and limited in quantity, only small 

 areas can be maintained in turf and gardens at the 

 normal cost of eastern places. To have a green land- 



2078. Protection-planting. The home of Florence Nightingale, Lea Hurst, England. Page 1781. 



desired, the creeping Evonymus radicans is the safest 

 vine for the North and the English ivy, or creeping fig 

 (Ficus pumila), for the South, all of which will grow in 

 shade. If broad spreading vines are permissible, then 

 use such as the American or Japanese bittersweet, 

 wistaria, trumpet-vine, grape and deciduous roses in 

 the North and in the warmer section the evergreen 

 Cherokee rose, the Macartney, Banksian and other 

 climbing roses, the bignonias, and passion flowers. 



One should determine to give the lawn plantation 

 individuality, and distinction, but not eccentricity. 



If it is desired that the gray-greens predominate, then 

 the royal willow, the Russian olive, the sea buckthorn, 

 the sage willow, or Lonicera Alberti, represent typical 



Elants to use, ranging from middle-sized trees to very 

 >w facing-down shrubs. The mullein pink, Alyssum 

 saxatile, and Cerastium tomentosum are herbs having a 

 similar foliage color. 



For a dark green lawn border in the North, the 

 laurel-leaf willow, white fringe, Russian rose, bayberry 

 and pachysandra would give a similar range of heights. 

 In the warmer sections, such dark green plants would 

 include the figs, laurels, guavas, and pittosporums. 



If a yellow floral display in shrubs to extend well 

 through the season is desired in the North, one could 

 use the Japanese varnish tree, Scotch laburnum, Cor- 

 nelian cherry, golden-bell, globe-flower, witch-hazel, 



scape during the dry bare-ground season in these sec- 

 tions, advantage may be taken of evergreen orange, 

 lemon and olive oschards cultivated for their fruit 

 crop that come into the views. For other evergreen 

 trees, Monterey cypress, Monterey pine, eucalyptus, 

 pepper and camphor tree, are most easily procured. 

 For the unirrigated land there are evergreen native 

 shrubs like the rhus, the manzanita, the madrona, the 

 bay and ceanothus, but as yet they are not offered by 

 nurseries in quantities at reasonable cost. In the place 

 of turf, inexpensive quick ground-cover plants like 

 lAppia repens, various mesembryanthemums, agaves 

 and cacti are used. 



In the South, also, owing to the difficulty of estab- 

 lishing turf, the large lawn areas of the North are 

 impracticable. Here about the only grass that can be 

 relied upon for permanent sod is the Bermuda grass, 

 which is brown in winter. Many evergreen plants can 

 be grown here, however, under ordinary cultivation 

 that cannot be grown out-of-doors in the northern 

 states, such as the ivy, camellia, gardenia, Indian 

 azaleas, Chinese privet, photinia, magnolia, hollies 

 and aucubas. 



In such northern states as Minnesota and the 

 Dakotas, with a snowfall so light as to allow the ground 

 to freeze deep, evergreens do not succeed and many of 

 the deciduous plants of eastern nurseries are unreliable. 



