1800 LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



become a clear bit of greensward inclosed by marginal 

 shrubbery. In Fig. 2094, an open front lawn and 

 secluded rear landscape garden determined the plant- 

 ings. Boundaries are forgotten by the studied outlines 

 of this shrub plantation, which, it should be noted, are 

 in long simple sweeps, rather than little wiggly kinks 

 so often seen. Projecting points and receding bays in 

 this shrub mass afford interest to the lawn vistas, as 

 well as seclusion to the back yard and pleasant course 

 for the walks to the sun-dial, pool, and rustic arbor at 

 entrance to the vegetable-garden at the extreme rear 

 of the lot. 



In Figs. 2092 and 2093, use is made of the side 

 lawns for the family enjoyment. The boundary planta- 

 tion is evident and in one case has been extended to a 



2093. Formal garden pivoted on an extended house line. 



complete border across the street front. This was made 

 possible by the elevation of the lawn above the sidewalk 

 and the use of a stone retaining wall which the planting 

 relieves gracefully. This street front might have been 

 treated more cheaply and very well by a planted bank 

 which also affords a pleasing street appearance and a 

 perfectly secluded lawn. 



The make-up of these plantations is of simple material 

 chosen for good foliage, hardiness, and seasonal attrac- 

 tiveness of flower, habit, and winter fruit or bright bark. 

 The plants are mainly those which mix well, without 

 clashing of bright foliage colors or incongruous forms. 

 The consideration of size to which the plants will 

 attain is very important and much material valuable 

 in the large park must be eliminated from the lists for 

 small places. Those plants which grow slowly and are 

 in the nature of dwarf species are appropriate and 



particularly useful for the permanent plantings. Quick- 

 and rank-growing plants may be used for screens, but 

 provision should be made here also for permanent but 

 slower plants to come on and replace the others. Plant- 

 ing quick-growing material or close planting for imme- 

 diate effect is a dangerous practice, for the proper thin- 

 ning is usually not accomplished and the entire plant- 

 ing will be robbed of beauty. It is better to space 

 plants at reasonable distances, and use less, but of large 

 nursery sizes. 



It may be valuable to note, as to choice of plants for 

 small areas, those which were common to the planting 

 plans of the three places here illustrated. The list does not 

 contain all the plants possible to use in like circumstances 

 in the northeastern states, but will afford at least an 

 indication of choice depending upon the restrictions of 

 space, amateurish care, results not too far remote. 



PLANTS SUITABLE FOR SMALL GROUNDS. 



Those marked with an asterisk (*) are common to 

 the three places here illustrated. 



Deciduous trees. 



*Maples Acer campestre, A. saccharinum and var. Wieri, A. 



tataricum, A. ginnala, A. rubrum, A. palmatum, in variety. 

 *Shad-bush Amelanchier canadensis and others. 

 *Ohio buckeye ^Esculus (Pavia) glabra. 

 *Birch Betula alba and B. laciniata of trade lists, B. lenta. 



Catalpa Catalpa bignonioides. 



Hackberry Celtis. 



*Flowering dogwood Cornus florida, and var. rubra. Also 

 shrub species. 



Double-flowered cherry Prunus avium fl.-pl. 

 *Red-bud Cercis canadensis. 



Cercidiphyllum japonicum. 



Yellow-wood Cladrastis tinctoria. 

 *Beech Fagus sylvatica, and varieties, all of which require 



much space for growth finally. 

 *Maidenhair tree Ginkgo biloba. 



Varnish tree Koelreuteria. 

 *Larch Larix leptolepia. 



Liquidambar. 

 *Magnolias the Chinese species in variety. M. stellata is 



very low. 



*Crab-apples Pyrus floribunda, Eva Rathke, Kaido, etc. 

 *Ironwood Ostrya virginica, slow and good. 

 *Sorrel tree Oxydendron arboreum. 



*Poplars Populus nigra var. fastigiata, P. alba var. Bolleana. 

 *Oaks-^-Quercus palustris, Q. coccinea, Q. pedunculata var. 

 fastigiata. 



Pagoda tree Sophora japonica. 

 *Mountain-ash Sorbus amerirana, S. Aucuparia. 

 *Deciduous cypress Taxodium distichum, very useful. 



Evergreen trees. 



*Fir Abies concolor. 



*Spruce *Picea Engelmannii, P. excelsa (for screen only), *P. 



orientalis, *P. pungens, and P. pungens var. glauca. 

 *Pines Pinus Strobus, P. Laricio var. austriaca, *P. Cembra 



and *P. Mughus, which are indispensable. 

 *Douglas spruce Pseudotsuga Douglasii, a fine screen or 



specimen. 



*Umbrella pine Sciadopitys verticillata, dwarf and interesting. 

 Hemlock Tsuga canadensis, nothing better under shade. 



The following are really mostly trees, but used as dwarfs either 

 for massing or standing alone. They are material which ia 

 valuable: 



* Japanese cypress Chamaecyparis, in variety. 

 *Arbor-vite-^-Thuya, in variety, according to form desired. 

 *Cedar Juniperus, tall and dwarf or prostrate forms. 

 *Yews Taxus cuspidata, T. canadensis. 



Evergreen shrubs. 



Andromeda floribunda. 

 *Azalea (Rhododendron) amoena. 



Cotoneaster. 

 *Ilex crenata. 



Kalmia latifolia. 



Leucothoe. 

 *Mahonia Aquifolium. 



Rhododendron maximum, *R. catawbiense, hybrids. 

 *Yucca. 



Hedges, evergreen. 



*Buxus sempervirens. 



Thuja occidentalis, T. orientalis var. pyramidalis. 

 Tsuga. 



