1808 LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



cemetery, but they should always be modest in appear- 

 ance and suitably embellished with shrubbery and 

 vines. The office would naturally be placed near the 

 entrance to avoid unnecessary walking, but it should not 

 be built immediately on the highway or public street. 

 The large arch frequently built over the gateway is 



2099. Vista in a large rural park. Page 1801. 



usually too pretentious in appearance and not in keep- 

 ing with the character of the grounds. A natural arch- 

 way of living trees would be better. The chapel, if any, 

 should be placed some distance within the grounds to 

 give it greater seclusion and quietness. 



Whether there should be greenhouses or not cannot 

 be discussed here on account of the limits of this article. 

 It may simply be said that with the great variety of 

 flowering trees and shrubs which we have to choose 

 from, as well as the thousands of hardy flowering 

 herbaceous plants, most beautiful effects can be pro- 

 duced without the expense, the continual labor and 

 the bare beds more than half the year, which would 

 follow the construction of greenhouses and the use of 

 bedding plants. Usually the selection for planting of 

 material found growing in the adjacent country will 

 help produce satisfactory results with little expenditure 

 of money and time. To prevent intrusion, a fence 

 along the boundary of the cemetery is necessary, but 

 this can be a simple inexpensive wire fence, serving in 

 places as a support for vines, and in places being hidden 

 by a belt of trees and shrubbery. No one would how 

 make the cemetery dreary by confining the planting 

 to spruces and weep- 

 ing willows. On the 

 contrary, every effort 

 is made to secure 

 bright cheerful effects 

 by the selection of all 

 kinds of flowering 

 happy-looking plants. 

 The modern cemetery 

 becomes, in fact, a sort 

 of arboretum. It in- 

 cludes some evergreens 

 which are most suit- 

 ably grouped along the 

 boundary belt, and 

 which should contain 

 all kinds of hardy 

 pines, as well as some 

 of the more stiff and 

 formal spruces. The 

 planting of Norway 

 spruces has in many 



2100. Water scene in a large rural park. Page 1801. 



someone familiar and in sympathy with the scheme 

 adopted. To insure such attention, and to protect the 

 interest of all lot-owners, as well as to maintain the 

 dignity and character of a city of the dead, rules have 

 been adopted by all leading cemeteries. These rules 

 are the result of study and experience on the part of 

 many men. At a meeting of the Association of Ameri- 

 can Cemetery Superintendents, held at Boston, in 1890, 

 the following rules were recommended by a unanimous 

 vote of those in attendance: 



Rule 1. (This should be a general rule, stating the 

 authority and conditions on which lots are sold and 

 the restrictions on transfers. The rule, of course, would 

 have to be varied according to conditions existing in 

 each cemetery.) 



Rule 2. The trustees desire to leave the improve- 

 ment of lots, as far as possible, to the taste of the 

 owners; but, in justice to all, they reserve the right, 

 given them by law, to exclude or remove from any lot 

 any headstone, monument or other structure, tree, 

 plant, or other object whatever which may conflict 

 with the regulations, or which they shall consider 

 injurious to the general appearance of the grounds; but 

 no trees growing within any lot shall be removed or 

 trimmed without the consent of the trustees. 



Rule 3. Lot-owners may have planting or other 

 work done on their lots at tljeir expense, upon applica- 

 tion to the superintendent. No workmen other than 

 employees of the cemetery will be admitted to the 

 cemetery except for the purpose of setting stonework. 

 Rule 4. No iron- or wirework and no seats or vases 

 will be allowed on lots, excepting by permission of the 

 trustees, and when any article made of iron begins to 

 rust the same shall be removed from the cemetery. 



Rule 6. The trustees desire to encourage the plant- 

 ing of trees and shrubbery, but, in order to protect the 

 rights of all and to secure the best general results, they 

 require that such planting shall be done only in accord- 

 ance with the directions of the superintendent, of the 

 cemetery. 



Rule 6. No coping nor any kind of inclosure will be 

 permitted. The boundaries of lots will be marked by 

 corner-stones, which will be set by the cemetery, at the 

 expense of the lot-owner, with the centers upon the 

 lines bounding the lot. Corner-stones must not pro- 

 ject above the ground and must not be altered nor 



removed. 



. Rule?. No lots shall 

 be filled above the 

 established grade. 



Rule 8. All inter- 

 ments in lots shall be 

 restricted to the mem- 

 bers of the family or 

 relations of the lot- 

 owner. 



Rule 9. No disinter- 

 ment will be allowed 

 without the permission 

 of the trustees, of the 

 lot-owner, and of the 

 next of kin of the 

 deceased. 



Rule 10. Mounds 

 over graves should be 

 kept low, not exceeding 

 four inches in height; 

 and stone or other 



places been overdone. The development of attractive 

 landscapes in cemeteries is of so much importance that 

 Mr. Strauch, the greatest cemetery designer that we 

 have had, used to call the present method "the land- 

 scape lawn plan." 



A good landscape in the cemetery is usually the result 

 of years of growth. It must first be intelligently 

 designed, and then receive care and attention from 



enclosures around graves will not be allowed. 



Rule 11. Foundations for all monuments, head- 

 stones, and the like, shall be built by the cemetery at 

 the expense of the lot-owner and fifteen days' no.tice 

 must be given for the building of foundations. The 

 cost of the same must be paid in advance. 



Rule 12. Every foundation must be at least as wide 

 and as long as the base stone resting upon it, and must 



