LIMNOCHARIS 



LINARIA 



1883 



leis it differs in its more numerous verticillate carpels, 

 no style and different stigmas. 



flava, Buchen. (L. Plumieri, Rich. L. emarginata, 

 Humb. & Bonpl. Alisma flavum, Linn.). Sts. erect, 

 angled, 10-16 in. high in bloom: Ivs. erect, standing 

 out of the water, the blade from lanceolate to broad- 

 ovate, cuneate or cordate at base: fls. in umbel-like 

 clusters of 2-12, the peduncle 3-angled and toward the 

 top 3-winged; sepals broadly ovate and obtuse, green- 

 ish; petals broadly ovate or orbicular, yellow: carpels 

 15-20, scarcely cohering. W. Indies and S. Amer. 

 B.M. 2525. Limnocharis flava is entirely distinct from 

 Hydrocleis nymphoides (which see). The light green 

 oblong, blunt Ivs. are very characteristic and ornamen- 

 tal; petiole triangular, 1-2 in. high: the fls., produced 

 on a scape, are pale yellow bordered white. Seed is 

 produced very freely, and as the seed matures the 

 scapes fall to the water, the seed ripens and sinks to 

 the bottom, and when grown out-of-doors, sometimes 

 renews itself the following season. The fl.-scape, as soon 

 as it rests on the water, throws up a shoot, which pro- 

 duces another plant in a short time, which again pro- 

 duces fls., seeds and shoots, and so on. The plant may 

 be grown in pots or tubs or planted out in shallow 

 water in early summer. WILLIAM THICKER. 



L. H. B. 



LIMODORUM (meadow gift, from the Greek). 

 Orchidacex. A name adopted by some authors for what 

 has been known as Calopogon, comprising a half-dozen 

 species of scapose cormous herbs bearing attractive 

 rose or purple (rarely white) fls. in a spike or raceme. 

 Transferred to this genus, the grass-pink (Calopogon 

 pulchellus) is given the name L. tuberosum, Linn. All 

 the species are found in E. N. Amer., from Newfound- 

 land to Cuba and the Bahamas. L. tuberosum is some- 

 times transferred to bog-gardens; see Calopogon for. 

 cult. A southern species, L. multiflorum, Mohr, 

 growing in Fla., is recommended for bog-planting S. 

 The single If. is linear: scape to 16 in. tall, bearing deep 

 purple fls.; lateral sepals ovate, acute; petals ovate or 

 obovate; middle lobe of lip broad-cuneate, about J^in. 



L. H. B. 



LIMONIA (derivation uncertain). Rutaceie. An 

 invalid generic name usually misapplied to Hesperethusa 

 crenulata, which see. A number of species belonging to 

 very diverse genera were formerly placed in Limonia. 

 See Feronia. 



L. addlssima, Linn.=Feronia Limonia. L. acidissima, Auct 

 (not Lmn.)=Hesperethusa crenulata. L. anguldsa, Wight & Arn = 



Merope angulata. L. biloculdris, Roxbg.=Severinia buxifolia L 



crenulata, Roxbg.=Hesperethusa crenulata. L. Demeusei, De 

 Wild.=Citropsis Preussei (?). L. Engleriana, Perkins=Chseto- 

 spermum glutmosa. L. gabonensis, Engler=Citropsis gabonensis 

 L. glutindsa, Blanco=Chsetospermum glutinosa. L. Lacourtidna, 

 )e Wild.=Citropsis gabonensis (?). L. monophylla, Roxbg.=Ata- 

 lantia monophylla. L. pentaphylla, Retz.=Glycosmis pentaphylla. 

 L. P6gget, Engler=Citropsis Schweinfurthii(?). L. Preussei 

 JingIer=Citropsis Preussei. L. scdndens, Roxbg.=Lavanga scan- 

 dens. L. Schweinfurthii, Engler=Citropsis Schweinfurthii L 

 spindsa, bpreng.=Merope angulata. L. trichocdrpa, Hance=Pon- 

 cirus trifohata. L. trifftlia, Burm.=Triphasiatrifolia. L. trifoliata 

 Linn. = Tnphasia tnfolia. L. ugandensis, Baker = Citropsis 

 bchwemfurthii. L. Warneckei, Engler=Balsamocitrus paniculata. 



WALTER T. SWINGLE. 



LINANTHUS (flax flower). Polemoniacex. By 

 Gray, Peter and others included in Gilia as a section or 

 subgenus, but by some authors kept distinct. L. 

 densiflbrus, Benth., is described on page 1337 as 

 Gilia densiflora. It is advertised as "California phlox." 

 [t is an old garden annual, very attractive when sown 

 thickly as it makes a mass of lilac bloom. The plant is 

 native in the Coast ranges and valleys of Calif. 



About a dozen West American gilias are now included 

 in this genus by some writers, one other of which, L. 

 androsaceus, Greene (Gilia androsacea, Steud., p. 1337), 

 is sometimes grown as a flower-garden annual. 



L. H. B. 



LINARIA (Linum, flax, which the Ivs. of some species 

 resemble). Scrophularidcese. Low herbs, sometimes 

 subshrubs, several species cultivated for the oddly 

 irregular flowers and others for the festooning foliage. 



Annual, biennial, perennial: Ivs. alternate, or some- 

 times subverticillate, in the erect-growing species 

 mostly narrow and entire: fls. solitary in the axils, or 

 in terminal racemes, yellow, white, blue or purple; 

 corolla personate or grinning, 2-lipped, usually 1- 

 spurred at the base (in rare or so-called peloria states 

 5-spurred); stamens 4, ascending in 2 pairs, slender; 

 style 1: fr. a dry caps., opening by slits or pores near 

 the summit, many-seeded. Widely distributed, mostly 

 in temperate parts of the northern hemisphere, of more 

 than 100 species and with many hybrids. Occasionally 

 the fls. of the common toad flax (Linaria vulgaris) are 

 regular. When Linnaeus discovered this form, he took 

 the plant to be of another kind and used for it the 

 genus Peloria. This word Peloria is now used generically 

 for the regular state of any normally irregular fl. Such 

 monstrosities occur now and then, particularly in the 

 Scrophulariaceap. 



In America, linarias are little known as garden plants, 

 although they are worthy greater attention. They are 

 of two general classes, the hardy perennials (some- 

 tunes evergreen) and the annuals. The perennials are 

 propagated by seeds and by division, usually the latter. 

 All the species are of easiest culture in any ordinary 

 soil and exposure, and are largely able to shift for 

 themselves when once established. The annuals may 

 be started indoors; or in warm situations they may be 

 sown where the plants are to stand. Some of the trailing 

 and cespitose species are good for rock-gardens. 



cequitriloba, 2. 

 alba, 1, 8, 11. 

 alpina, 6. 

 aparinoides, 14. 

 bipartita, 11. 

 Cymbalaria, 1. 

 dalmatica, 5. 

 globosa, 1 (andsuppl. 

 list). 



INDEX. 



heterophylla, 14. 

 hybrida, 5. 

 Macedonica. 4. 

 maroccana, 12. 

 maxima, 1. 

 nana rpsea, 6. 

 origanifolia, 10. 

 pallida, 1. 

 purpurea, 9. 



repens, 8. 

 reticulata, 13. 

 rosea, 1, 12. 

 speciosa, 4. 

 splendens, 14. 

 splendida, 11. 

 striata, 11. 

 triornithophora. 7. 

 vulgaris, 3. 



A. Plant completely trailing: Ivs. palmately veined and 

 lobed. Subgenus Cymbalaria.) 



1. Cymbalaria, Mill. (Antirrhinum. Cymbalaria, 

 Linn.). KENILWORTH IVY. MOTHER-OF-THOUSANDS. 

 Perennial tender glabrous herb, but sowing itself freely 

 from seeds, long-trailing and rooting at the joints: Ivs. 

 cordate-orbicular or reniform, 5-7-rounded-lobed, on 

 slender stalks longer than the blades: fls. solitary on the 

 axils, on slender sts., small but pretty, lilac-blue with a 

 yellowish throat: caps, globular, splitting from the top. 

 Eu. Var. alba, Hort., has white fls. Var. rdsea, Hort., 

 has pale pink fls. Var. maxima, Hort. (L. pallida, Hort.), 

 has large light-colored fls. Var. globdsa, Hort., forms a 

 compact globular plant: fls. lilac. The Kenil worth ivy 

 is one of the most familiar of trailers on greenhouse bot- 

 toms and in odd corners; also as a trailing basket-plant 

 in greenhouses and dwelling-houses. It is of the easiest 

 cult., particularly in a moist and partially shaded 

 place. Prop, by division of the long sts. or by seeds. 

 It will not stand frost, but the plant will spring up 

 year after year from seed, becoming essentially annual. 

 It has become established in the open in many parts of 

 the E. It is a good basket-plant for poorly lighted 

 places and is a continuous bloomer. By some botanists, 

 it is made the type of the genus Cymbalaria. 



2. asquitrfloba, Spreng. Close-growing creeping 

 evergreen, perennial, with long trailing branches: Ivs. 

 small, roundish or reniform, fleshy, mostly opposite, 

 entire or with 3-5 short mucronate lobes: fls. pale 

 mauve on pedicels nearly equaling the Ivs.; palate 

 large, reddish purple; calyx-segms. very narrow. S. 

 Eu. B.M. 2941. 



