1894 



LITHOSPERMUM 



LIVISTONA 



sum', it is a low running species rather than erect- 

 growing (as he defines L. fruticosum to be), covering 

 the soil, and the Ivs. are more lanceolate, shorter, 

 broader, and reflexed at the edges: it is destroyed by 

 limestone, which is not the case with L. fruticosum. 



9. purpilreo-caerilleum, Linn. Sts. leafy and pro- 

 cumbent, reaching 2 ft. or more long, the fl.-sts. ascend- 

 ing or nearly erect and bearing leafy forked cymes: Ivs. 

 lanceolate, hairy: fls. rather large, rich blue, nearly 

 sessile, usually surpassed by the Ivs. Eu. 



10. Gastonii, Benth. Beautiful plant, rare in the 

 Pyrenees: a dwarf leafy perennial, adapted to alpine 

 gardens, appressed-hairy, the erect branches 4-10 in. 

 high: Ivs. to 3 in. long, spreading and recurved, ovate- 

 lanceolate, taper-pointed: fls. few, deep blue with star- 

 like white eye, crowded near tips of branches; corolla- 

 tube short, the lobes broadly ovate, the throat pubes- 

 cent; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute. B.M. 5926. G.C. 

 III. 47:212. Said to like lime. 



11. Zollingeri, A. DC. Perennial, with ascending 

 sts., 4-6 in., silky-hairy: Ivs. oval-oblong, usually 

 mucronate, attenuate at base: fls. few, probably pur- 

 ple, the corolla nearly J^in. long; corolla-tube cylindri- 

 cal-funnelform, twice longer than calyx; lobes of calyx 

 linear, pilose. Java, but not since found there accord- 

 ing to Koorders. The plant in the trade under this 

 name is said to make tufts of very rough glistening 

 foliage, with sky-blue fls.: adapted to front-row of 

 borders and large rockeries (in England). 



The garden names of Lithospermum are confused and need to be 

 re-studied. L. ccelestinum, Hort., is described as "a most desirable 

 low-growing plant for the rockery," with pretty blue fls. in June. 

 Probably Moltkia caerulea. L. Frokbellii, Hort., is said to be "a 

 dwarf compact plant with rosemary-like Ivs. and deep blue fls. on 

 erect sts. about 9 in. high." L. graminifdlium, Viv.=Moltkia 



lovely shade of blue." Somewhat shrubby, 8-10 in. high: Ivs. 

 narrow and slightly hoary: fls. tubular, drooping. G. 34:857. 

 Probably these are Moltkias. L. petrseum, A. DC.=Moltkia. L. 

 rosmarinifdlium, Tenore. Evergreen, from Italy and Greece, 1-2 

 ft.: Ivs. narrow, 1 in. or more long: fls. bright blue, striped white 

 about %in. diam. Gn.W. 22 : 139. T TT R t 



LITHR&A (Llithi, the Chilean name of L. caus- 

 tica). Anacardiacese. Three species of evergreen S. 

 American shrubs or small trees closely related to 

 Schinus: Ivs. alternate, simple or odd-pinnate: fls. 

 small, greenish or whitish, in panicles; petals 5, valvate, 

 stamens 10; disk annular in the staminate fls., cup- 

 shaped and 10-lobed in the pistillate fls.; ovary superior, 

 1-celled with a basal, sessile ovule: fr. a dry subglobose 

 drupe with a hard bony stone. The following species is 

 occasionally cult, in S. Calif. L. molleoides, Engler 

 (L. Aroeirinha, March.). Shrub, to 12 ft., glabrous: 

 Ivs. odd-pinnate; Ifts. 5, rarely 3, lanceolate, acute, 

 1^-3 in. long; petiole 1-1 H in. long, like the rachis 

 narrow-winged: panicles 2-3 in. long: fr. globose, K m - 

 across, whitish, lustrous. S. Brazil, Argentina. Flor. 

 Brasil. 12, 2:83. L. caftstica, Miers, from Chile, has 

 short-petioled simple, oval to ovate-oblong Ivs. and 

 pubescent panicles; it is said to be very poisonous. L. 

 Gilliesii, Griseb. Tall shrub, 6-10 ft., the branches 

 whitish gray, more or less dichotomous: Ivs. 3- folio- 

 late or 5-foliolate; Ifts. lanceolate, the lower ones ses- 

 sile, the upper narrowed below: fls. small, yellowish 

 white, in few-fid, clusters: fr. a dry drupe. Brazil, 

 Chile. R.H. 1914, p. 201. ALFRED REHDER. 



LITSEA (Japanese name). Lauracese. Trees or 

 shrubs of little horticultural importance, but may be 

 planted S. Lvs. mostly alternate, coriaceous, usually 

 evergreen: fls. dioecious, small, clustered in umbel- 

 like cymes, mostly white or yellow; perianth-tube very 

 short or sometimes ovoid or bell-shaped, the lobes 

 usually 4-6; stamens mostly 6-12: fr. a dry or succu- 

 lent drupe, on the enlarged perianth-tube. Species 

 perhaps 150 in warm and tropical countries well around 



the globe, one of them (L. geniculdta, Benth. & Hook.) 

 growing in shallow ponds, Ga. to La. Adanson's 

 name, Malapoenna, is rejected by the Vienna or inter- 

 national rules. 



LITTjjA: Agave. 



LITTONIA (Dr. Samuel Litton, professor of botany 

 in Dublin). Lilidcese. One species is one of the so-called 

 climbing lilies. 



Tender, tuberous plants: fls. 6-parted, but in Littonia 

 the segms. are not reflexed like a cyclamen, as in Glori- 

 osa (which is another climbing lily), nodding, bell- 

 shaped, orange or yellow, mostly 1 in. or more across; 

 segms. oblong, acuminate; stamens 6, attached at 

 base of perianth-segms.: caps. 3-celled; seeds scarlet or 

 brown, about the size of a sweet pea, round, arranged in 

 2 series. Species about 6, Arabia, S. Afr. and Trop. 

 Afr.; most of them are erect not climbing herbs. 



modesta, Hook. Slender and simple, either short 

 and suberect or long and climbing or sarmentose: Ivs. 

 ovate to linear, produced into a tendril at the tip, the 

 middle ones whorled and the upper ones opposite or 

 alternate: fls. solitary in the upper axils, on slender 

 pedicels; perianth-segms. provided with a small oblong 

 nectary, partially closed by a ciliated scale on each side; 

 style 3-cut. S. Afr. B.M. 4723. G.C. III. 36:183. 

 Var. Keitii, Hort., is an improved form, with larger and 

 more abundant fls., the sts. longer, branched, and dis- 

 tinctly sarmentose. These plants require the cultural 

 treatment of gloriosa. WILHELM MILLER. 



L. H. B.f 



LITTORELLA (from Latin word for shore, from 

 place of growth). Sometimes spelled Litorella. Plan- 

 tagindcese. Small aquatic grass-like plants, one in Eu. and 

 the northern part of N. Amer., offered abroad among 

 hardy water-plants, and one little known in southern S. 

 Amer. Perennial, somewhat succulent, with linear Ivs. 

 from the base: fls. monrecious, borne among the Ivs., 

 not showy, the staminate on scapes and pistillate 

 sessile at base of Ivs.; sepals 4; corolla 3-4-toothed; 

 stamens 4, long-exserted ; ovary single, with a long- 

 exserted style. L. uniflora, Aschers. (L. lacustris, 

 Linn. Plantdgo uniflora, Linn.). Growing in mats on 

 borders of ponds and lakes, the Ivs. 2-3 in. long, linear- 

 subulate, bright green: stoloniferous. Newfoundland 

 and Nova Scotia to Maine, Vt. and Minn. L H. B. 



LIVE-FOREVER: Sedum Telephium and other Sedums. 

 LIVERLEAF: Hepatica. 



LIVERWORT. A general name for a group of cryp- 

 togamia (flower less plants), somewhat allied to mosses 

 and known as Hepaticse. Conocephalus and March- 

 antia have been offered by dealers in native plants as 

 suitable for rockwork and bog-gardens. Lunularia is a 

 common weed in greenhouses. See p. 6, Vol. I. 



LIVING ROCK: Ariocarpus. 



LIVISTONA (Patrick Murray, of Livistone or Liv- 

 ingstone). Palm&cese. The most extensively grown 

 genus of fan-leaved palms in commercial horticulture of 

 the present day, its commonest representative being the 

 "Chinese fan palm," L. chinensis, which is also known 

 to the trade, and improperly, as Latania borbonica. 



Trunks usually tall, stout, ringed below, clothed 

 above with dead If .-sheaths: Ivs. spreading, orbicular, 

 plicate, split to the middle or below; the segms. bifid, 

 infolded, naked or fibrous along the margins; rachis 

 short; ligule small, cordate, free; petiole long, stout, 

 flat or rounded above, convex below, often spiny along 

 the margins; sheaths margined with reticulate fibers: 

 spadices long, at first ascending, pendent in fr., long- 

 peduncled, loosely branched, the branches slender; 



