1900 



LODOICEA 



LOGANBERRY 



being said to weigh sometimes fifty pounds, though 

 the largest usually seen in collections do not likely 

 exceed about fifteen pounds. The formation of such 

 gigantic seeds requires a considerable period of time, 

 and from the time of flowering to the full maturity of 

 the seeds is said to cover a period of nearly ten years. 

 The germination of such seeds is not an easy process, 

 requiring much room and strong heat, the radicle being 

 correspondingly large and running down for 3 feet or 

 more before the top growth begins. Young plants 

 require a strong and moist heat; and a considerable 

 amount of root room, in combination with a light but 

 rich compost, is best adapted to their needs. Seeds 

 sometimes require three years to germinate. They are 

 not advertised for sale at present, but have been sold as 

 curiosities now and then in America. Their germina- 

 tion is a great event, but the plants are never grown to 

 any considerable height, as they require too much care 

 and room. The old nut remains attached at the sur- 

 face of the ground until the tree is some years old. 

 It is said that the heart of the crown of Ivs. is eaten, as in 

 the cabbage palm, and the Ivs. are used in house- 

 building. L. H. B.| 



LCESELIA (John Loesel, an early Prussian botanist). 

 Polemoniacese. Greenhouse plants, grown in the open 

 far South, for their flowers. 



Very close to Gilia, and often confused with it; and 

 the genus is variously defined. As accepted by Peter in 

 Engler & Prantl, it comprises 16 species in N.W. N. 

 Amer., Mex., Cent. Amer. and northwestern Trop. 

 S. Amer. The species occur very little north of Mex., 

 however. As finally outlined by Gray (Suppl. Syn. FL), 

 it has "fls. involucrate or involucellate; both bracts and 

 calyx wholly or partly scarious; corolla funnelform, 

 either regular or 1 or 2 sinuses deeper; seeds winged or 

 margined, the surface becoming mucilaginous when 

 wetted: suffruticose, rarely annual, with spinulose- 

 toothed Ivs." 



L. coccinea, Don, is a handsome plant with brilliant 

 rose-red tubular-trumpet-shaped fls. an inch long in 

 terminal fascicles or compound bracted racemes, with 

 stamens and 3-lobed stigma exserted: Ivs. small and 

 stiffish, oval or cuneate-oval, sharply and often spinu- 

 lose dentate, grayish green: plant strict, pubescent, 

 woody, perennial. Winter bloomer. It is offered in 

 Calif. L. tenuifdlia, Gray, and L. effftsa, Gray, of 

 S. Calif., are phlox-like plants offered some years ago. 

 The former, Gray subsequently referred to Gilia 

 tenuifolia, Gray, and the latter to Gilia Dunnii, 

 Kellogg. L. H. B. 



LOGANBERRY. Figs. 2193, 2194. The loganberry 

 was originated by Judge J. H. Logan, of Santa Cruz, 

 California. It is the result of a cross between the 

 Aughinbaugh, a variety of Rubus vitifolius, the wild 

 blackberry of California, and a red raspberry, probably 

 the Red Antwerp. It was a chance hybrid developed 

 from seed in 1881. Since that time the cultivation of 

 the plant has increased extensively. It is cultivated 

 all the way from southern California to British 

 Columbia. However, while being a very vigorous plant, 

 it is very tender and will not succeed where the tem- 

 perature reaches zero unless protected and even under 

 protection does not seem to fruit as heavily as it does 

 where very mild winters are experienced. 



A few years ago it was thought that the loganberry 

 industry was overdone. This was due to the poor 

 shipping character of the fruit and the fact that the 

 berry was but little known ; but at the present time not 

 nearly enough fruit can be secured for canning and 

 evaporating, and the berry promises to be one of the 

 best horticultural assets of the Pacific coast. It is one 

 of the very strongest-growing brambles and has a 

 characteristic dark green foliage which it holds through- 

 out the year. 



The fruit when thoroughly ripe is of a purplish red 

 and is very large, being one of the largest berries grown. 

 In flavor and habits it shows the characteristics of 

 both the blackberry and raspberry. Unless very ripe 

 the fruit is exceedingly acid, but when thoroughly ripe 

 has a pleasant acid flavor. 



In western Oregon the fruit is coming to be of tremen- 

 dous commercial importance. Salem is the principal 

 center of the industry of the state, there being about 

 2,000 acres planted in that vicinity and the present 

 outlook is that the acreage will be at least doubled. 

 Extensive plantings are found all over western and 

 southern Oregon. Many of the cultivators are taking 

 hold of the loganberry industry in an extensive way, 

 individual growers planting out as many as 200 acres in 

 one season, while others are devoting from 100 to 200 

 acres purely for propagation purposes. 



There are two other berries being grown in this same 

 area which are very similar to the loganberry, one being 

 the Primus, which is a blackberry-raspberry hybrid, 

 introduced by Luther Burbank. It is an excellent home 

 berry but cannot be picked easily until it is too soft to 

 ship. It is also too shy a bearer to be commercially 

 profitable. The Phenomenal is also a hybrid intro- 

 duced by Luther Burbank and is supposed to be a 

 cross between the California dewberry and the red 

 raspberry. It is less acid than the loganberry. The 

 fruit, if anything, tends to run a little larger, is a little 

 brighter in color, the foliage is a lighter green and is a 

 better shipper than the loganberry, but it does not 

 yield nearly so well. It does not seem to be so long- 

 lived and it is thought by the growers that it is not so 

 good an evaporating berry as the loganberry. As far 

 as the Pacific Northwest is concerned, the loganberry 

 is driving the other hybrids from the market. 



The loganberry tends to vary greatly in its seedlings 

 and offers one of the best fields for plant-breeding to 

 be found among small-fruits. 



2193. Loganberry. 



It will grow on any of the well-drained loams and is 

 found to succeed well on the red hill soils and the 

 silty loams along the rivers. It is thought by many 

 of the growers that it prefers a clay subsoil rather 

 than a gravelly or sandy subsoil. When planted on 

 deep rich loams the plant seems to be longer-lived. 

 There are commercial plantings in Oregon fourteen 

 years old that are still very profitable. The principal 



