1984 



MANFREDA 



MANGIFERA 



BB. Stamens long-exserted. 

 c. Tube of perianth longer than segm. 



virginica, Salisb. (Agave virginica, Linn. A. pdllida, 

 Salisb. A. carolinensis, Lets. A. Alibertii, Baker. 

 Alibertia intermedia, Mar. Aide carolinidna, Hill. 

 A. virginica, Crantz). Lvs. green: infl. 3-5 ft. high, 

 glaucous; fls. scented like mace, short-stalked, 2 in. 

 long; tube thrice as long as 

 segm.; filaments inserted at its 

 base. S. U. S. Hardy. B.M. 

 1157. Jacq. Icon. 378. Lam., 

 Encycl. 235. Hill, Hort. Kew. 

 13. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 

 5, p. 155; 8, p. 15. Rep. Mo. 

 Bot. Card. 7:26, 27, 63. B.B. 

 1:445. A form with mottled 

 Ivs. is yar. tigrina, Rose 

 (M. tigrina, Small. Agave 

 virginica tigrina, Engelm.). 



brachystachys, Rose 

 (Agave brachystachys, Cav. 

 A. polyanthoides, Cham. & 

 Schlecht. A. sapondria, Lindl. 

 A. humilis, Roem.). Lvs. green 

 or reddened at base: infl. 6 ft. 

 high: fls. sessile, 2 in. long; tube 

 nearly twice as long as segm, 

 Mex. and Guatemala. Redoute, 

 Lil. 485. 



cc. Tube of perianth shorter 

 than segm. 



variegata, Rose (Agave va- 

 riegdta, Jacobi). Lvs. chan- 

 neled, mottled: infl. 3-4 ft. high; 

 fls. subsessile, 1%-1% in. long; 

 tube slightly shorter than segm.; 

 filaments toward its throat. S. 

 Texas and adjoining Mex. Ref. 

 Bot. 326. 



guttata, Rose (Agave guttata, 

 Jacobi & Bouche". A. protube- 

 rans, Engelm. Leichtlinia pro- 

 tuberans, Ross. L. commutdta, 

 Ross). Lvs. crisped, mottled: 

 infl. 3 ft. 

 high; fls. 

 subsessile, 

 1-1K in. 

 long; tube 



half as long as segm., the 

 ovary protruding into it ; fila- 

 ments in throat. Mex. Biol. 

 Cent.Amer. 87. B.M. 8429. 



WILLIAM TRELEASE. 2319 ' Manfreda maculosa. 



MANGEL-WURZEL. A race of beets with very large 

 roots, grown for forage; usually shortened to mangel. 

 Often called Beta vulgaris var. macrorhiza. 



MANGIFERA (from mango, common name of one 

 species, and Latin, to bear). Anacardidcex. Tropical 

 trees, of which M. indica is the only one well known 

 horticulturally, and is cultivated throughout the 

 tropics for its fruit, being naturalized in many regions. 

 It is the mango of English-speaking countries, in its 

 finer varieties one of the most delicious of all tropical 

 fruits. Several other species also produce edible fruits, 

 mostly, however, of indifferent value; their distribu- 

 tion is in nearly all cases limited. The Malay Archi- 

 pelago is the home of nearly the entire genus, Malacca 

 having a particularly large proportion of species. M . 

 indica has been in cultivation since such a remote 

 period that its exact origin is somewhat doubtful, but 

 it has been considered by the best authorities to be 



indigenous to the Himalayan foothills of eastern India, 

 extending possibly through Burma into the Malayan 

 region. 



Leaves alternate, petiolate, entire, coriaceous: fls. 

 small, polygamous, in terminal panicles; calyx 4-5- 

 partite; corolla 4-5-petaled; petals free or adnate to 

 the disk, imbricate; stamens 1-5, rarely more, inserted 

 just within the disk; in most species there is commonly 

 only 1 fertile stamen, the remainder being more or less 

 abortive or reduced to staminodes; ovary 1-celled, 

 oblique, the style lateral: fr. a large fleshy drupe, with 

 a compressed, fibrous stone. A genus of about 30 

 species, natives of Trop. Asia. Several allied genera 

 are of horticultural importance, notably Anacardium, 

 which includes the cashew (A. occidentale) , Spondias, 

 of which several species are cultivated for their fruits, 

 known commonly as hog-plum, Spanish plum, and so 

 on, and Pistacia, which furnishes the pistacio nut; 

 all tropical or subtropical in distribution. The genus 

 Rhus, which includes the sumac and poison ivy, and 

 is well represented in warm-temperate regions, is also a 

 member of the same family. 



indica, Linn. MANGO. Fig. 2320. A large tree, erect 

 or spreading in habit, 30-90 ft. high, with oblong-lan- 

 ceolate to elliptic Ivs. 6-16 in. long, variable in breadth, 

 glabrous, deep green, the margins sometimes undulate, 

 apex commonly acute; petiole 14 in. long, swollen at 

 the base : panicles a foot or more in length, pubescent, 

 rarely glabrate; fls. yellowish or reddish, odorous, sub- 

 sessile, staminate and hermaphrodite on the same pani- 

 cle; sepals ovate-oblong, concave; petals twice as long 

 as sepals, ovate, 3-5-ridged, the ridges orange; disk 

 fleshy, 5-lobed; stamens 1 fertile, 4 reduced to stami- 

 nodes of varying prominence; anthers purplish; ovary 

 glabrous: fr. 2-6 in. or more in length, usually com- 

 pressed laterally, greenish, yellowish or reddish in 

 color. N. India, Burma, and possibly Malaya, as 

 noted above. B.M. 4510. H.U. 3:193. 



zeylanica, Hook. f. A tree, glabrous throughout: 

 Ivs. oblong-obovate to elliptic-lanceolate, usually 

 rounded at the apex, 2-3% in. long: panicle stout, 

 longer than the Ivs.; fls. on slender pedicels; sepals 

 orbicular; petals short, elliptic-oblong, disk large; 

 fertile stamen 1, with 6-8 staminodes; ovary slightly 

 pubescent. Ceylon, up to elevations of 3,000 ft. 

 Closely approaches M. indica, but said by Hooker 

 to differ in habit and foliage, the contracted panicle, 

 fls. with longer pedicels, perfectly glabrous sepals, and 

 short petals. 



fcetida, Lour. BACHANG. AMBATJANG. A large tree, 

 with elliptic-oblong to obovate Ivs. 10-12 in. long, 

 3-4 in. broad, acute at base, acute to obtuse at apex; 

 petiole stout, 1-1% in. long: panicle large, stout, deep 

 red; fls. subsessile; sepals ovate, obtuse; petals linear- 

 lanceolate, reflexed, pink or red; stamens 5, 1 perfect, 

 the rest shorter, imperfect; ovary glabrous, oblique, 

 green, smooth, very fetid; flesh yellow, stone very- 

 fibrous. Distributed throughout the Malay Archi- 

 pelago, where the fr. is eaten by the natives but is con- 

 sidered of very poor quality by Europeans. 



odorata, Griff. KITWINI. BUMBUM. A tree, glabrous 

 throughout, or with panicles slightly pubescent: Ivs. 

 elliptic-lanceolate to oblong, 6^12 in. long, 2-4 in. 

 broad, acute or acuminate; petiole stout, 1J4-1% m> 

 long: panicle stout, green; fls. odorous; sepals ovate- 

 oblong; petals linear-oblong, reflexed, greenish, suf- 

 fused blood-red; perfect stamens sometimes 2, stami- 

 nodes slender, capitate; ovary glabrous: fr. oblong, 

 yellowish green, fetid, stone compressed, fibrous. A 

 native of Malacca. The fr. is said to be sweet, with- 

 out any taste of turpentine. 



caesia, Jack. BINJAI. A large, stately tree, with 

 stout branchlets: Ivs. cuneate-obovate to elliptic; 6^16 

 in. long, 2%-3% in. broad, somewhat glabrous; petiole 

 M~l in. long: panicle stout, much branched; fls. on 



