MATTHIOLA 



2011 



and Asia: Ivs. many, sessile, 2-3-pinnately divided or 

 dissected: heads 1H in. across, terminating the branches, 

 with many acute white rays : achenes inversely pyram- 

 idal, with 3 conspicuous ribs. Not uncommon in 

 fields eastward. Var. plenissima, Hort. (var. liguldsa, 

 var. multiplex, M. grandiflora, Hort. not Fenzl), is a 



2333. Matricaria Chamomilla. (X}i) 



common garden plant with very double clear white 

 large heads. It is floriferous, and the fls. are fine for 

 cutting. G.C. II. 12:753. It often persists and blooms 

 the second year. Foliage little or not at all scented. 

 _ parthenoides, Desf. (M. capensis, Hort., not Linn. 

 Anthemis parthenoides, Bernh. Chrysanthemum par- 

 theniodes, Voss). Annual, or biennial under cult., 2 ft. 

 or less high, soft-hairy when young, but becoming 

 smooth, bushy in growth: Ivs. petiolate, twice divided, 

 the ultimate segms. ovate and often 3-lobed: fl.-heads 

 loosely corymbose, in the garden forms usually double, 

 white. A handsome plant, probably of Old World 

 origin, useful for pots, and blooming till frost. 



Chamomilla, Linn. (Chamomilla officinalis, Koch). 

 WILD CHAMOMILE. Fig. 2333. Glabrous erect much- 

 branched annual: Ivs. 2-3-pinnate, with segms. short and 

 very narrow-linear, giving the If. a finely dissected 

 appearance: heads rather large (nearly 1 in. across), on 

 terminal peduncles, with 10-20 truncate white rays; 

 bracts of involucre of about equal length, the edges 

 scarious; receptacle without scales, elongating and hol- 

 low as an thesis advances: achene with 3-5 faint ribs 

 and no border at top. Fields, Eu. and N. Asia; run 

 wild in E. U. S. Very similar in appearance to Anthe- 

 mis Cotula (Fig. 219), but lacks the scales between the 

 central florets and has a different odor. The name 

 champmile, or sometimes spelled camomile, is applied 

 both in Matricaria and Anthemis. L, jj. 3. 



MATRIMONY VINE: Lycium. 



MATTEUCCIA (from C. Matteucci, an Italian physi- 

 cist) . Polypodiacese. A small group of north temperate 

 ferns with Ivs. of two sorts, the sterile growing in 

 crowns from erect rootstocks, and the fertile growing 

 from the interior of the crown. Our species is known as 

 the ostrich fern and is one of the most easily cult., as 

 well as one of the handsomest of our native species. It 

 multiplies rapidly by offsets sent out from the root- 

 stock. Known also as an Onoclea or Struthiopteris. 



For cult., see p. 1217. For further botanical relations, 

 see Onoclea. 



Struthiopteris, Todaro (Struthiopteris germdnica, 

 Willd. Onoclea Struthiopteris, Hoffm.). OSTRICH FERN. 

 Lvs. (sterile) 2-6 ft. long, with the lowest pinnae grad- 

 ually reduced: fertile Ivs. 1-2 ft. long, pinnate, with the 

 margins of the pinnae closely inrolled and covering the 

 sori. Eu. and N. E. N. Amer. Willdenow regarded the 

 American species as distinct, but by most botanists it 

 is considered identical with the European species. 



L. M. UNDERWOOD. 



MATTHIOLA (Peter Andrew Matthioli, 1500-1577, 

 Italian physician and writer on plants). Sometimes 

 (and originally) spelled Mathiola. Cruciferse. STOCK. 

 GILLIFLOWER, when used at the present day, means 

 Matthiola or sometimes Cheiranthus; formerly it desig- 

 nated Dianthus Caryophyllus. Familiar flower-garden 

 and florists' subjects. 



From Cheiranthus, the wallflower, this genus differs 

 in its winged seeds, which are as broad as the partition, 

 the stigma-lobes erect or connivent and often thickened 

 on the outside, the silique not 4-sided (terete or com- 

 pressed). Of Matthiolas there are probably 50 species, 

 widely distributed in the Old World and Austral., 2 in 

 S. Afr. They are herbs or subshrubs, tomentose, with 

 oblong or linear-entire or sinuate Ivs., and large, mostly 

 purple fls. in terminal racemes or spikes. 



The true stocks (Fig. 2334) are of this genus. The 

 Virginian stocks are diffuse small-flowered annuals of 

 the genus Malcomia (which see). Stocks are of two 

 general types, the autumn-blooming, Queen or Bromp- 

 ton stocks, and the summer-blooming, ten-weeks or 

 intermediate stocks. By some persons these classes 

 are made to represent two species, M. incana and M . 

 annua respectively. It is probable, however, that they 

 are garden forms of one polymorphous type. Even if 

 distinct originally, it is not possible now to distinguish 

 them by definite botanical characters. Stocks are 

 amongst the most common of all garden flowers. The 

 two types cover the entire blooming season, particu- 



larly if the earlier ones are 

 started indoors. Most of 

 the garden forms are 

 double, although some of 

 the single types are desir- 

 able for the definiteness 

 and simplicity of their 

 outlines. The colors are 

 most various, running 

 from white through rose, 

 crimson, purple and parti- 

 colored. The flowers are 

 fragrant. For culture and 

 for further discussion of 

 the plant, see Stock. 



incana, R. Br. COMMON 

 STOCK. Biennial or per- 

 ennial, becoming woody 

 at base, but usually 

 treated as an annual: 

 erect - branching, closely 

 tomentose-pubescent, the 

 sts. stiff and 

 cylindrical: 

 Ivs. alternate, 

 tapering into 

 a petiole, 

 long - oblong 

 or oblanceolate, entire, 

 obtuse: fls. with saccate 

 lateral sepals and large 

 petals with long claws and 

 wide-spreading limb, 

 borne on elongating stalks 

 m an open, terminal erect 



2334. Ten-weeks stock- 

 Matthiola incana var. annua. 



