MORMODES 



MORUS 



2069 



bronzy green; labellum rosy crimson. This plant is 

 extremely variable in color, ranging from nearly white 

 to chocolate-brown, the various forms being either 

 spotted or plain. Its forms have been described under 

 at least 7 distinct specific names. 



luxata, Lindl. Pseudobulbs 4-6 in. long: sheathing Ivs. 

 1-2 ft. long, narrow-lanceolate, plaited: raceme much 

 shorter; fls. 2 in. diam., rather fleshy and globular, 

 lemon-yellow, with a dark brown streak down the 

 labellum; sepals ovate-lanceolate; petals oblong, con- 

 cave; labellum hemispherical, concave, obsoletely 

 3-lobed. July. Mex. B.R. 29:33. R.H. 1889:132. 

 Very fragrant. The fls. are remarkably distorted. Var. 

 eburnea, Hort. Fls. creamy white. This is a very 

 effective plant, superior to the type. G.C. II. 18:145. 

 I.H. 34:35. 



M. Oberlanderianum, Lehm &. Kranzl. Sepals and petals 

 lemon-color, rose-spotted; lip apricot, with large spots of same 

 color. N. S. Amer. G.C. III. 28:318. M. revolutum, Rolfe. Fls. 

 cinnabar, with a yellow lip; sepals and petals lanceolate, acute or 

 acuminate; lip 3-lobed, the midlobe acuminate, reflexed. Peru. 



racemes up to 10-fld.; fls. orange-brown. Peru. 



HEINRICH HASSELBRING. 

 GEORGE V. NASH.J 



MORMOLYCE (a bugbear or phantom, probably 

 referring to shape of flowers) . Orchidacese. One Mexi- 

 can epiphytic orchid, M. ringens, Fenzl (Trigonidium 

 ringens, Lindl.), of the Maxillaria group: rhizome 

 creeping: st. very short, with 1 coriaceous rather long 

 If. from a globose pseudobulb: scape leafless, slender, 

 with 1 medium-sized yellowish green inodorous fl.: 

 sepals spreading; labellum with erect lateral lobes and 

 short middle lobe; column incurved; pollinia 4, ovoid. 



MORNING-GLORY: Ipomcea. 



MORRENIA (Professor Charles Morren, Belgian 

 botanist). Asclepiaddcese. Two pubescent twining 

 shrubs of S. Amer., allied to Cynanchum, but differing 



in its convex 2-lobed 

 stigma (flat or concave 

 in Cynanchum) and the 

 tubular corona, which is 

 longer than the pistils, 

 villose on the inside, and 

 conniving over the pis- 

 tils. A few other species 

 have been added more 

 recently. The Ivs. are 

 opposite and hastate. 

 M. odorata, Lindl., is 

 more or less in cult., 

 and is listed in S. Calif. 

 It has white very fra- 

 grant fls. in dense cymes 

 in the axils; sepals 5, 

 linear; corolla rotate, the 

 lobes wide-spreading and 

 acuminate ; corona tubu- 

 lar, 5-lobed. Argentina and Paraguay. Has merit for 

 the agreeable vanilla fragrance of its inconspicuous fls. 

 H.U. 5, p. 129. M. brachystephana, Griseb., is a climber 

 from Argentina with ovate, acuminate, hastate or cor- 

 date Ivs., and loose axillary cymes of pure white star- 

 shaped vanilla-scented fls. L, jj g 



MORUS (the ancient Latin name). Moracese. MUL- 

 BERRY. Ornamental and fruit-bearing small trees. 



Unarmed, fls. dioecious or monoecious, both sexes in 

 small hanging axillary catkins, the males soon falling 

 (Figs. 2390, 2391); calyx 4-parted; stamens 4, the fila- 

 ments partially inclosed in the calyx-lobes (Fig. 2392) : 

 pistillate fl. with one 2-celled ovary and 2 stigmas, and 

 the 4 calyx -lobes adherent to the ovary (Fig. 2393) 

 becoming fleshy and cohering into a long multiple fr. 

 which suggests a blackberry in external appearance 



2390. Stami- 

 nate catkin of 

 Russian mul- 

 berry. (Natural 

 size) 



2391. Pistil- 

 late catkin of 

 Russian mul- 

 berry. (Natural 

 size) 



(Fig. 2394) : real fr. an ovate compressed little achene, 

 covered in the pulpy mass, 1 for every fertile fl. repre- 

 sented in the aggregate fr. Temperate regions of the 

 Old and New World. About 100 species of Morus have 

 been described, but Bureau, DC. Prodr. 17:237 (1873) 



2392. Staminate flower of 

 Russian mulberry. 



(Enlarged) 



2393. Pistillate flower of 

 Russian mulberry. 



(Enlarged) 



reduces them to 5; probably 10 or a dozen species 

 represent the genus as now known. Two species are 

 native in the U. S. Some of the names are now referred 

 to other genera. Many of the names represent cultural 

 forms of M . alba. 



Mulberries are grown as food for silkworms and 

 for the edible fruits. The silkworm mulberry of his- 

 tory is M . alba, and the fruit-bearing mulberry of his- 

 tory is M. nigra. Yet, strangely enough, the leading fruit- 

 bearing varieties of North America, are derived from 

 M. alba (see Bailey, Bulletin No. 21, Cornell Experi- 

 ment Station, and "Evolution of Our Native Fruits"). 

 The native M . nibra has also given varieties which are 

 grown for their fruits. The silkworm mulberry of the 

 Chinese is M . midticaulis, by some considered to be a 

 form of M. alba. This was introduced into North 

 America early in last century, and for a time there was 

 the wildest speculation in the selling and planting of 

 the mulberry tree, and in the rearing of silkworms. 

 These efforts have now largely passed away in North 

 America. M. mullicaulis gave rise to one variety 

 which was prized for its fruits, the Downing. This 

 variety is now little known, but the name has been pop- 

 ularly but erroneously transferred to a good variety of 

 M. alba (the New American). 



In North America the mulberry is known chiefly as 

 a fruit-bearing tree, although it is never planted 

 extensively and the fruit is scarcely known in the 

 market. Two or three trees about the home grounds are 

 sufficient to supply a family. The fruits are sweet and 

 soft. To many persons they are too sweet. Because 

 of then" sweetness they are of little value for culinary 

 uses. They usually drop when ripe. They are har- 

 vested by being shaken on sheets or straw. Birds are 

 exceedingly fond of them. In the East and North, varie- 

 ties of M. alba are chiefly grown, as the New American 

 (frequently cultivated as Downing), Thorburn and 

 Trowbridge. On the Pacific coast and in some parts 

 of the South, varieties of M. nigra are grown, particu- 

 larly the Black Persian. In parts of the South forms 

 of the native M . rubra are grown, as Hicks and Stubbs. 

 These are popular for planting in hog pastures, as the 

 animals like the fruits. The mul- 

 berry thrives in any garden soil. It 

 does well even on thin gravels and 

 rocky slopes. For fruit-bearing pur- 

 poses, trees may be planted from 20 

 to 40 feet apart. . 



The Russian mulberries are off- 

 shoots of M. alba. Their particular 

 merits are great hardiness to withstand 

 cold, drought and neglect. They are 

 useful for low windbreaks and also for 

 sheared hedges. They have become 

 popular on the Plains. They are readily 

 propagated by seeds, and the result- 

 ing plants are variable. Now and then 

 a large-fruited form appears and it 

 may be named and propagated, but 

 for the most part the Russian mulberry 



