MUSHROOM 



MUSTARD 



2089 



Literature. 



Atkinson, Geo. F., "Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, 

 etc." 275 pp., ill., 1900, Andrus & Church, Ithaca, 

 N!Y. Chatin, A., "La Truffe," 330 pp., ill., 1892, Paris. 

 Duggar, B. M., "The Principles of Mushroom-Growing 

 and Mushroom Spawn-Making," United States Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Bul- 

 letin No. 85, 60 pp., 1905. Duggar, B. M., "The Culti- 

 vation of Mushrooms," United States Department of 

 Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin No. 204, 24 pp., 1904. 

 Farlow, W. G., "Some Edible and Poisonous Fungi," 

 United States Department of Agriculture, Division of 

 Vegetable Physiology and Pathology, Bulletin No. 15, 

 pp. 450-470, ill., 1898. Hard, M. E., "Mushrooms, Edi- 

 ble and Otherwise," 609 pp., ill., 1908, Ohio Library 

 Company, Columbus. Marshall, Nina L., "The Mush- 

 room Book," 167 pp., ill., 1901, Doubleday, Page & Co. 

 Peck, C. H., "Mushrooms and Their Uses," 80 pp., 

 1897, Cambridge Botanical Supply Company. Peck, C. 

 H., "Edible and Poisonous Fungi of New York," 

 Annual Report of the State Botanist, from 48th Report 

 of the New York State Museum of Natural History, 

 pp. 105-241, ill., 1895. Peck, C. H., "Edible Fungi of 

 New York," New York State Museum, Memoir 4, pp. 

 132-234, ill., 1900. Some of the figures of the species 

 of mushrooms in the foregoing article are from contri- 

 butions of W. G. Farlow, in "Garden & Forest." 



B. M. DUGGAR. 



MUSINEON (a name' for fennel, another plant of 

 this family). Spelled also Musineum and Musenium. 

 Umbelliferse. Four species of resinous perennial herbs 

 in Cent, and W. N. Amer., stemless or branching, de- 

 cumbent or ascending, 2-12 in. high. Lvs. pinnately 

 decompound: fls. yellow or white, in compound naked 

 umbels: fr. ovate or ovate-oblong, somewhat com- 

 pressed laterally; ribs 5, filiform, slightly prominent, 

 with 2 or 3 oil-tubes in the intervals. 



Hodkeri, Nutt. (M. trachyspermum, Nutt.). Decum- 

 bent or ascending, scabrous: Ivs., except the radical, 

 opposite, bipinnatifid: fls. yellow: fr. scabrous. Spring. 

 Colo., north. Procurable from dealers in western 

 native plants. 



MUSK. The common musk plant of the gardens is 

 Mimulus moschatus, an American plant. The wild 

 musk plant of Europe, however, is Erodium moschatum. 



MUSK HYACINTH, or GRAPE HYACINTH: Muscari mos- 

 chatum. 



MUSK MALLOW: Hibiscus Abelmoschus and Mafaa moschata. 

 The musk seed of commerce is Hibiscus Abelmoschus. 



MUSKMELON: Melon. 



MTJSS^NDA (a native name in Ceylon). Rubiaceae. 

 Warmhouse or greenhouse plants grown for the flowers 

 and the colored floral bracts or calyx-leaves. 



Erect or climbing shrubs or undershrubs, sometimes 

 herbs: Ivs. opposite or in 3's, with stipules between, 

 sessile or petiolate : fls. in terminal cymes, yellow, scar- 

 let or white, the corolla tubular and usually funnel- 

 shaped above and the lobes 5; calyx with an oblong or 

 turbinate tube, one of the 5 lobes usually enlarged (in 

 the cult, species) into a white or colored petioled If. 

 which may make the plant worth cult.; stamens 5, 

 on the corolla-throat or -tube; ovary 2-celled, the style 

 filiform and the stigmas 2: fr. a fleshy many-seeded 

 berry, with an areole at top. Species probably 40, 

 in the tropics of Afr., Asia and Polynesia. The few 

 species that are sometimes grown are of easy cult.; 

 prop, in spring by cuttings. 



A. Enlarged calyx-lobe or sepal white. 



fronddsa, Linn. Variable species: low erect shrubs, 

 hirsute or glabrate : Ivs. either petioled or sessile, oblong 

 to ovate, acuminate; stipules variable, often 2-parted: 



fls. yellow, the corolla pubescent or hirsute; calyx with 

 an orbicular or elliptic white leafy lobe : berry obovoid, 

 glabrous, with broad areole. India. B.M. 2099 (as M. 

 pubescens). 



Sanderiana, Ridley. Compact in habit, 5-6 ft., 

 sometimes prostrate: Ivs. close-set, nearly sessile, 

 lanceolate, cordate, silky hairy: fls. yellow, small and 

 tubular, in numerous terminal cymes; petaloid calyx- 

 lobe white, more than 3 in. long, silky-hairy, very 

 showy. Indo-China. G.C. III. 52:228. 



AA. Enlarged calyx-lobe or sepal red. 

 erythrophylla, Schum. & Thonn. Climber or trailer 

 (or apparently sometimes erect), 30-40 ft., the shoots 

 pubescent: Ivs. ovate, acuminate, about 6 in. long, with 

 about 10 lateral veins either side the midrib: fls. to 

 13^ in. long, in dense pedunculate cymes; calyx-tube 

 very short, the lobes red and hirsute and one of them 

 usually produced into a bright vermilion roundish If. 

 2-4 in. long; corolla-tube cylindrical, red-hairy, the 

 rounded apiculate lobes white or yellowish inside: fr. 

 nearly or quite 1 in. long, egg-shaped, red-hairy. 

 Trop. Afr. B.M. 8222. G.C. III. 50:91. Gn.W. 4:553. 



M, luteola, Delile. Slender erect twiggy shrub, pubescent: Ivs. to 

 2 in. long, ovat&;lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, thin, 

 entire: fls. in 3's in few-fld. cymes, long-tubed, yellow; leafy calyx- 

 lobe white or yellowish, %in. or less long, oblong or ovate-cordate. 

 Trop. Afr. B.M. 5573. M. Treutleri, Stapf. Shrub, somewhat 

 pubescent: Ivs. ovate to ovate-elliptic, short-acuminate, to 12 in. 

 long, entire: fls. orange, in many-fld. dense terminal clusters; leafy 

 sepal or calyx-lobe white, shape of the Ivs. Trop. Himalaya. B.M. 



L. H. B. 



MUSSCHIA (named after Jean Henri Mussche, of 

 the botanic garden at Ghent). Campanuldcese. Two 

 large robust subshrubs or perennial herbs in Madeira, 

 sometimes grown by amateurs: Ivs. radical and cauline, 

 the former large and dentate and the latter few and 

 small: fls. rather large, yellow, or fulvous, in pyramidal 

 panicles; calyx-lobes 5, somewhat foliaceous, colored 

 like the corolla or purple; corolla-tube short, cylindrical, 

 with a 5-lobed spreading or recurved limb; stamens 5, 

 free from the corolla; ovary inferior, 5-celled, many- 

 ovuled, the stigma 5-lobed: caps, opening by numerous 

 transverse lateral slits. 



M. aurea, Dum. (Campanula aurea, Linn. f % ). Herb, stemless or 

 developing a st. a few inches high, with thick and fleshy roots, 

 smooth and shining: Ivs. in radical tufts, elliptic or elliptic-oblong or 

 lanceolate, serrate: corolla yellow; calyx deeper yellow. B.R. 57. 

 M. Wollastonii, Lowe. Shrubby, pubescent, the st. simple or some- 

 what branched: Ivs. oboyate-oblong, thin and flaccid, sharply ser- 

 rate: fls. dull dark brownish green or purple. B.M. 5606. G.W. 2, 

 pp. 362, 363. L H B 



MUSTARD, species of Brassica (which see), chiefly 

 B. alba, B. nigra, B. juncea and B. japonica. There are 

 two types of mustard-growing, for the leaves, which 

 are used as a vegetable; for the seeds, which yield oil 

 and are used as a condiment. Table mustard (the 

 flour) is the product mostly of B. nigra (Fig. 636, Vol. 

 I), although seeds of B. alba and B. juncea are also used 

 for making it. The mustards often become prolific 

 weeds, particularly in grain-fields; they are now con- 

 trolled by herbicides (see Weeds). In California, B. 

 nigra covers thousands of acres, thriving best on heavy 

 adobe soils. When the winter rains come, it grows lus- 

 tily, reaching 16 feet high and more. The bulk of the 

 mustard sold in the United States comes from the 

 county of Santa Barbara, Lompoc being the center of 

 the supply. 



As a culinary vegetable, mustard is used for "greens" 

 (which see). For this purpose, the large soft basal 

 leaves are desired. These leaves grow best in early 

 spring, although they do fairly well in autumn. If sown 

 late in the season, the plant makes few bottom leaves 

 and runs quickly to seed. Perhaps the best of the mus- 

 tards for greens in this country is B. japonica (Fig. 

 634, Vol. I), a species which has long been grown in this 

 country, but which has no other well-known name than 

 "mustard." This often seeds itself and comes up the 



