2148 



NOLINA 



long: fr. %in. long and broad. S. Mex. Contr. U. S. 

 Nat. Herb. 10:23. Publ. Carnegie Inst. No. 99:19. 

 Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 4, 11. 



N. Hartwegi&na, of gardens but not the species properly so- 

 called a plant with round rough-barked at. about as large as a 

 coconut and narrowly linear tufted Ivs., is the type of a related 

 genus, Calibanus, which differs in its rounded 3-celled fr. neither 

 inflated, lobed nor winged, and is known as Calibanus Hodkerii, Trel. 

 (C. csespitosus, Rose. Dasylirion Hookerii and D. Hookeri, Lem. 

 D. ctespitosum Scheidw. D. flexile, Koch. Beaucarnea Hookeri, 

 Baker). E. Cent. Mex. B. M. 5099. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10-24 

 25, and p. 90, fig. 4. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50:6, 8, 9, 11, 14. 

 The most beautiful of all this group is N. longifolia, when young, 

 with its crown of drooping leaves 6 feet or more long, reaching to 

 the ground. Few other true nolinas possess much beauty, but the 

 caulescent species are odd and rather graceful, and Lower Cali- 

 fornian forms like N. Bigelovii, Wats., N. Beldingii, Brandegee 

 (G.C. III. 34:43) and N. Parryi, Wats., may succeed in the 

 er parts of California. WlLLIAM TRELEASE. 



NOLTEA (after E. F. Nolte, professor of botany at 

 Kiel; born 1791). Rhamnacese. SOAPBUSH. An ever- 

 green glabrous shrub from S. Afr., with alternate short- 

 petioled serrate Ivs., small deciduous stipules and 

 with small white polygamous fls. in terminal and axil- 

 lary panicles: calyx campanulate, 5-lobed; petals 5, 

 small, shorter than sepals, cucullate; the 5 stamens 

 opposite the petals; ovary half-inferior, 3-celled; 

 style rather short, with slightly 3-lobed stigma: fr. a 

 caps., 3-valved, septicidal with 3 erect compressed 

 seeds. The whole plant is saponaceous and the macera- 

 ted foliage is used by the natives in washing. Some- 

 times used as a hedge plant in S. Afr. Cult, occasionally 

 in S. Calif., though it has scarcely any particular orna- 

 mental quality. Prop, is by hardwood or greenwood 

 cuttings and also by seeds. N. africana, Reichb. 

 (Ceanothus africanus, Linn.). Upright shrub with vir- 

 gate branches, to 12 ft. : Ivs. oblong-lanceolate, serrate, 

 obtuse, pale green below, 1-2 in. long; stipules small, 

 roundish, thickish: fls. whitish, ^in. across in short 

 axillary and terminal panicles crowded at the end of 

 the branches into leafy panicles several inches long: 

 caps. J^in. across. S. Afr. Sim, Forests and For. Fl. 

 Cape of Good Hope, 37. ALFRED REHDER. 



NOPALEA (from the Mexican name of the cochineal 

 cactus). Cactaceae. A genus of 4 or 5 species, often 

 placed with the opuntias, but differing from the latter 

 in having erect petals, and stamens and style exsert 

 beyond the perianth, as well as in some minor details. 

 Natives of Trop. Amer. N. coccinellifera, Salm- 

 Dyck (N. inaperta, Schott). An arborescent, flat- 

 stemmed plant, with a somewhat cylindrical trunk 

 6-10 in. diam., widely grown in semi-tropical coun- 

 tries, but rarely found in the U. S., and then only in 

 the largest collections of cacti. It is chiefly interesting 

 in being one of the important food-plants of the cochi- 

 neal insect. B.M. 2741, 2742 (as Cactus cochinellifer) . 

 N. guatemalensis and N. lutea are 2 recently described 

 species from Guatemala which have been intro. into 

 cult - J. N. ROSE. 



NORONHIA (after Ferd. de Noronha, Spanish 

 naturalist and traveler: died 1787). Oleacex. One tree 

 or large bush, differing from Olea in having separate 

 petals and in other characters. JV. emargindta, Poir. 

 (Olea emargindta, Lam.), is native in Madagascar and 

 other islands, and is planted somewhat in Hawaii. 

 Lvs. opposite^ evergreen, short-stalked, coriaceous, 

 cuneate-oblong and more or less retuse, entire: fls. 

 yellowish, fragrant, in axillary clusters; calyx small, 

 4-toothed or -cut; petals 4, sometimes somewhat 

 coherent at base: fr. an edible drupe, purple when ripe, 

 globular, about 1 in. diam.; seed usually 1 (ovary 

 2-celled), in the sweet pulp. 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES, Horticulture in. 

 The descriptive articles on the horticultural resources 

 of the North American continent are comprised in two 

 parts: the symposium on British North America in 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



Volume I, and the present assembly. These together 

 give a comprehensive view, and yet in some detail, 

 of the present state of development in fruit-growing, 

 vegetable-growing, flower-growing, and related activi- 

 ties in this vast area. Inasmuch as the statistical 

 information is not comparable as between the British 

 and the American parts of the continent, and as the 

 markets and governmental control are different, as 

 well as for other reasons, it has seemed best to treat 

 the two parts separately, although the reader will want 

 to consult them both to secure his view of the con- 

 tinent as a whole. 



The article on Alaska naturally attaches itself to 

 the present account. It is desirable, also, to present 

 here an account of the horticultural possibilities of the 

 Canal Zone (with its ten-mile strip across the Isthmus 

 of Panama), although that region is not correctly a 

 part of North America; but it belongs with the same 

 governmental administration as the continental states 

 of the Union, and the trade relations will naturally be 

 close. 



A third group of descriptive articles is found in 

 Volume III, under the title "Island Dependencies." 

 These insular areas are all tropical and therefore have 

 a more or less common interest. The islands are Porto 

 Rico, page 1689; Hawaii, page 1692; Guam, page 

 1696; Tutuila, page 1699; Philippines, page 1702. 



In percentage of total value of all crops in the United 

 States, the horticultural products reach not more than 

 13 per cent, even counting potatoes and sweet potatoes 

 as within the definition. The census figures for the 

 year 1909 give the percentage of value of vegetables 

 (including potatoes, sweet potatoes and yams, and other 

 vegetables) to be 7.6 per cent of the total value of all 

 crops; of fruits and nuts to be 4 per cent; of flowers and 

 plants to be .6 per cent; of nursery products to be .4 

 per cent. In average value to the acre in 1909, "flowers 

 and plants" lead all crops, with $1,911.02; small-fruits 

 $110.01 to the acre; potatoes, $45.36; sweet potatoes 

 and yams, $55.25; "other vegetables," $78.26. This 

 may be compared with the acre-value of staple field 

 crops, as cereals $13.93; hay and forage, $11.40; 

 tobacco, $80.55; cotton (including seed), $25.74; sugar- 

 beets, $54.60; sugar-canes, $55.40. 



The territory of the continental United States com- 

 prises practically the whole range of climate. While 

 none of it is within the tropics, the southern end of 

 Florida is essentially tropical; the Gulf coast, southern 

 Texas, southern California and the less elevated 

 regions between are subtropical; and Alaska is partly 

 within the arctic. There are long ranges of seacoast 

 climates, and vast areas of midcontinental conditions. 

 There are regions of unusually heavy rainfall, and 

 others of very deficient precipitation and with desert 

 conditions. There are widely different drainage sys- 

 tems, elevations from perpetual snow to depressions 

 below sea-level, and the widest variations in soils and 

 exposures. These wide ranges of conditions provide the 

 physical basis for the most diverse horticultural pur- 

 suits. The mountain barriers and main drainage basins, 

 as well as the seacoasts, are shown in Fig. 2485. This 

 map may be joined to that of the British possessions, 

 Fig. 652, on page 560. 



The present symposium on the horticulture of the 

 United States takes the form of an account by states; 

 and these states are assembled in groups to represent 

 geographical regions, as follows: 



New England States. Maine, page 2152; New Hamp- 

 shire, page 2154; Vermont, page 2157; Massachusetts, 

 page 2159; Rhode Island, page 2162; Connecticut, 

 page 2164. 



Middle Atlantic States. New York, page 2167; New 

 Jersey, page 2170; Pennsylvania, page 2173. 



East North Central States. Ohio, page 2176; Indiana, 

 page 2179; Illinois, page 2182; Michigan, page 2184; 

 Wisconsin, page 2187. 



