NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 2157 



The New Hampshire Horticultural Society was 

 organized in 1893. It is in a prosperous condition. 



There is a law in the state providing for the inspection 

 of nursery stock, also a State Moth Department which 

 has under its control the state and federal activities 

 in the control of the gypsy and brown-tail moths. 



Statistics (Thirteenth Census). 



The approximate land area of New Hampshire in 

 1910 was 5,779,840 acres. The land in farms was 

 3,249,458 acres, or 56.2 per cent of the land area. Of this 

 land in farms, 929,185 acres were improved; 1,502,389 

 were in woodland; and 817,884 acres other unimproved 

 land in farms. The number of all the farms in 1910 was 

 27,053, and the average acreage to the farm 120.1. [The 

 total area of the state is 9,341 square miles.] 



The leading agricultural crops of the state are hay 

 and forage, and cereals. The acreage occupied by hay 

 and forage decreased from 615,042 in 1899 to 529,817 

 in 1909, when the value of the production was $7,846,- 

 143. Cereals decreased in acreage for the same period 

 from 42,335 in 1899 to 32,928 in 1909, when their value 

 was $879,631. The value of forest products of the 

 farms in 1909 was $3,610,178, as compared with $2,296,- 

 265 in 1899. 



Horticultural crops grown in New Hampshire are 

 fruits and nuts, small-fruits, vegetables including 

 potatoes, and flowers and plants and nursery products. 

 The value of the fruits and nuts produced in 1909 was 

 8734,387 as compared with $728,520 in 1899. Small- 

 fruits decreased in acreage from 730 in 1899 to 618 in 

 1909, when the production was 998,244 quarts, valued 

 at $107,365. In 1909 the total acreage of potatoes and 

 other vegetables was 26,225 and their value $2,276,177. 

 Excluding potatoes, the acreage of other vegetables 

 increased from 7,357 in 1899 to 8,855 in 1909 when the 

 production was valued at $1,071,551. The acreage 

 devoted to flowers and plants and nursery products 

 increased from 72 in 1899 to 117 in 1909, when the pro- 

 duction was valued at $248,041. 



The production of all the orchard fruits in 1909 was 

 1,165,044 bushels, a decrease of 42.3 per cent from the 

 production in 1899. In 1909 apples constituted more 

 than 95 per cent of the total production, and peaches 

 and nectarines and pears most of the remainder. The 

 production of apples in 1909 was 1,108,424 bushels, 

 valued at $637,990. The number of apple trees of bear- 

 ing age in 1910 was 1,240,885; those not of bearing age 

 207,289. The production of peaches and nectarines in 

 1909 was 23,218 bushels, valued at $37,884. The peach 

 and nectarine trees of bearing age in 1910 numbered 

 57,571 ; those not of bearing age 35,213. The production 

 of pears in 1909 was 24,224 bushels, valued at $25,206. 

 The number of pear trees of bearing age was 36,816 and 

 those not of bearing age 9,397. There were also pro- 

 duced in 1909: 7,542 bushels of plums and prunes, 

 valued at $14,039; 1,403 bushels of cherries, valued at 

 $4,133; quinces, to the value of $456; and apricots, to 

 the value of $68. 



The production of grapes and nuts in New Hamp- 

 shire in 1909 was relatively unimportant. Grapes pro- 

 duced 375,164 pounds, as compared with 487,500 

 pounds in 1899. Their value in 1909 was $10,926. The 

 production of nuts in 1909 amounted to 254,521 pounds, 

 valued at $3,684. The nuts produced were 217,431 

 pounds of butternuts, valued at $2,597; 13,330 pounds 

 of black walnuts, valued at $375; 8,446 pounds of 

 hickory-nuts, valued at $303; and 5,479 pounds of 

 chestnuts, valued at $242. 



Of the small-fruits grown in New Hampshire, straw- 

 berries are the most important, with raspberries and 

 loganberries ranking next. Strawberries increased in 

 acreage from 307 in 1899 to 310 in 1909 when the pro- 

 duction was 638,057 quarts, valued at $68,552. Rasp- 

 berries and loganberries increased in acreage from 80 in 

 1899 to 85 in 1909, when the production was 86,558 



quarts, valued at $11,821. Other berries produced in 

 1909 were 75,913 quarts of blackberries and dewberries, 

 valued at $7,793; 43,319 quarts of currants, valued at 

 $4,587; 30,304 quarts of cranberries, valued at $2,686; 

 and 5,841 quarts of gooseberries, valued at $683. 



The acreage devoted to potatoes in New Hampshire 

 decreased from 19,422 in 1899 to 17,370 in 1909, when 

 the production was 2,360,241 bushels, valued at $1,204,- 

 626. Excluding potatoes, the more important of the 

 other vegetables produced in 1909 were 589 acres of 

 sweet corn, valued at $28,835; 163 acres of cabbage, 

 valued at $21,184; 51 acres of tomatoes, valued at 

 $7,143; 68 acres of turnips, valued at $6,832; and 29 

 acres of onions, valued at $6,560. Vegetables of minor 

 importance in 1909 were asparagus, green beans, beets, 

 carrots, celery, cucumbers, green peas, squashes. 



The raising of flowers and plant and nursery products 

 is of little importance in New Hampshire. The acreage 

 devoted to flowers and plants in 1909 was 93, as com- 

 pared with 38 in 1899. The total area under glass in 

 1909 was 752,313 square feet, of which 719,848 were 

 covered by greenhouses and 32,465 by sashes and 

 frames. The value of flowers and plants produced in 

 1909 was $236,144. The acreage devoted to nursery 

 products decreased from 34 in 1899 to 24 in 1909, when 

 the production was valued at $11,897, as compared with 

 $7,012 in 1899. J. H. GOTTRLEY. 



Vermont. 



Vermont (Fig. 2489) is not and never will be a great 

 horticultural state. Aside from the apple, strawberry, 

 onion, and potato, the cultivable land is largely devoted 

 to farm crops and dairying. The Champlain and Con- 

 necticut valleys are well adapted to fruit and vegetable 

 crops. Apple orcharding throughout the state, but 

 especially in sections noted above, offers the best oppor- 

 tunity. Much of the hill-town land should revert to 

 forests. 



In general, the soils of Vermont are well adapted to 

 the culture of orchard-fruits. The limestone and 

 granitic soils, especially on the west side, seem partic- 

 ularly fitted to the development of a thrifty long-lived 

 tree. With but few exceptions, the soil is deep and re- 

 tentive of moisture. The necessity for irrigation is the 

 exception rather than the rule. Drainage is seldom 

 necessary for orchard plantations; although for small- 

 fruits and vegetables, tiling is desirable. Cover-crops 

 are not used to the extent which their merit justifies. 



The home markets for fruit and vegetables are 

 unusually good. Strawberries rarely sell for less than 

 12 Yt cents a quart, and the average price for good fruit 

 is probably nearer 15 cents. Blackberries usually bring 

 10 cents, and raspberries 10 to 20 cents. Cherries can 

 generally be bought, the price being $3 to $4 a bushel. 

 Good vegetables sell equally well. With such favorable 

 markets, supported by numerous small manufacturing 

 villages and a horde of summer boarders, horticultural 

 industries certainly ought to thrive. 



The horticultural regions of Vermont are, roughly, 

 three. The first and most important is the Champlain 

 Valley district, including several large islands in Lake 

 Champlain. This region reaches toward Montreal on 

 the north; and the general character of its horticul- 

 ture is much like that in the St. Lawrence Valley 

 between Montreal and Lake Ontario. Winter apples 

 are the most important crop in this section. The second 

 region lies in the southwestern part of the state and 

 belongs to the upper Hudson Valley. Apples will grow 

 readily when properly attended, but they are seldom 

 cared for. Greater success is secured with small-fruits, 

 the growing of which is greatly encouraged by the large 

 annual immigration of summer residents. The third 

 district comprises the valley of the Connecticut. It is 

 the least developed of the three, horticulturally. The 

 reason for this is not plain. Soil and climate are admi- 



