NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 2159 



Eye potatoes; Albert Breese, of Hubbardston, origina- 

 tor of the Early Rose potato; Cyrus Pringle, of Char- 

 lotte, a scientific plant-breeder and eminent botanist 

 (see Volume III, page 1591); E. C. Brownell, originator 

 of the Brownell Best, Beauty, Eureka, Superior, and 

 Winner varieties of potato; Albert Rand, originator of 

 the Rand Peachblow potato, thought by some to be the 

 Perfect or Improved Peachblow; and T. H. Hoskins, 

 Newport, in the northern part of the state. 



Public-service agencies for horticulture. 



The Agricultural College of Vermont is located in 

 Burlington, and is an integral part of the University 

 of Vermont. In 1862 the Legislature chartered the 

 Vermont Agricultural College, but it was not until 

 1865 that it was incorporated with the University. 

 Instruction in horticulture was not begun until 1874, 

 and in 1890 the department was established for instruc- 

 tion to students in the four-year course. The teaching is 

 carried by one professor. 



The Experiment Station is a part of the University 

 and is coordinate with the College of Agriculture. 

 There are three members of the horticultural staff. 

 Twelve bulletins have been published on horticultural 

 subjects, aside from annual report articles. 



There are two state schools of agriculture, located 

 at Randolph and Lyndon Center, where courses in 

 horticulture are given. As a separate subject, horti- 

 culture is not taught in the public schools, although it 

 receives some attention in a general agricultural 

 course which is now offered in six public schools. 



There is no state department of horticulture, although 

 the State Commissioner of Agriculture devotes some 

 time to horticultural welfare work. The inspector of 

 nurseries is appointed by the Commissioner of Agricul- 

 ture. An expert entomologist, similarly appointed has 

 charge of the suppression of especially noxious insects. 



Extension work in horticulture is carried on in con- 

 nection with the College of Agriculture. The Ver- 

 mont State Horticultural Society, organized in 1896, 

 is also furthering the horticultural interests in the state. 



Statistics (Thirteenth Census). 



The approximate land area of Vermont in 1910 was 

 5,839,360 acres. The land in farms was 79.9 per cent of 

 this area or 4,663,577 acres. Of this land in farms, the 

 improved land numbered 1,633,965 acres; the woodland, 

 1,566,698 acres; and other unimproved land in farms, 

 1,462,914 acres. The total number of farms in Vermont 

 in 1910 was 32,709, and the average acreage to the 

 farm, 142.6. [The total area is 9,564 square miles.] 



The leading agricultural crops of the state are hay 

 and forage and cereals. The acreage devoted to the 

 production of hay and forage increased from 1,006,375 

 in 1899 to 1,030,618 in 1909, when the production was 

 valued at $16,335,530, which was 54.9 per cent of the 

 total value of all crops. Cereals decreased in acreage 

 from 160,127 in 1899 to 134,611 in 1909, when the pro- 

 duction was valued at $2,651,877. Forest products of 

 the farms in 1909 were valued at $3,638,537, as com- 

 pared with $2,108,518 in 1899. 



Horticultural crops grown in Vermont are fruits and 

 nuts, small-fruits, potatoes and other vegetables, and 

 flowers and plants and nursery products. The value of 

 the fruits and nuts produced in 1909 was $818,851, as 

 compared with $459,508, in 1899. Small-fruits increased 

 in acreage from 418 in 1899 to 469 in 1909, when the 

 production was 826,122 quarts, valued at $92,030. The 

 total acreage of potatoes and other vegetables grown in 

 1909 was 35,408, and their value, $2,615,299. Exclud- 

 ing potatoes, the acreage of the other vegetables 

 increased from 5,131 in 1899 to 8,548 in 1909, when 

 the value of the production was $872,183. Flowers and 

 plants and nursery products decreased in acreage from 

 112 in 1899 to 60 in 1909, when the production was 

 valued at $89,740. 



The total quantity of orchard-fruits produced in 



1909 was 1,492,499 bushels, valued at $801,365. 

 Apples contributed nearly all this quantity, and pears 

 most of the remainder. Apple trees of bearing age in 



1910 numbered 1,183,529; those not of bearing age, 

 219,833. The production in 1909 was 1,459,689 bushels, 

 valued at $752,337. Pear trees of bearing age in 1910 

 numbered 26,315; those not of bearing age, 7,726. The 

 production of pears in 1909 was 20,763 bushels, valued 

 at $23,788. Other orchard-fruits produced in 1909 

 were: 7,205 bushels of plums and prunes, valued at 

 $12,927; 2,506 bushels of cherries, valued at $7,651; 

 2,221 bushels of peaches and nectarines, valued at 

 $4,399; and minor quantities of quinces and apricots. 



The grape-production in 1909 was 203,011 pounds, 

 valued at $6,328. The grape-vines of bearing age in 

 1910 numbered 9,318; those not of bearing age, 1,845. 



The production of nuts in 1909 was 891,825 pounds, 

 valued at $11,158. Butternuts were the most impor- 

 tant of the nuts in 1909, the production being 845,899 

 pounds, valued at $9,872. Other nuts produced were: 

 32,910 pounds of black walnuts, valued at $725; 9,516 

 pounds of hickory-nuts, valued at $410; and 3,350 

 pounds of chestnuts, valued at $149. 



Of the small-fruits grown in Vermont, strawberries 

 are the most important, with raspberries and loganber- 

 ries ranking next. The acreage devoted to the produc- 

 tion of strawberries increased from 232 in 1899 to 276 

 in 1909, when the production was 615,820 quarts, 

 valued at $68,690. Raspberries and loganberries 

 decreased in acreage from 92 in 1899 to 80 in 1909, 

 when the production was 85,065 quarts, valued at 

 $10,596. Blackberries and dewberries decreased in 

 acreage from 48 in 1899 to 47 in 1909, when the pro- 

 duction was 56,252 quarts, valued at $6,032. Currants 

 increased in acreage from 30 in 1899 to 58 in 1909, 

 when the production was 58,533 quarts, valued at 

 $5,684. In addition, there were produced in 1909, 

 7,424 quarts of gooseberries, valued at $728, and 1,120 

 quarts of cranberries, valued at $110. 



Potatoes, the most important of the vegetables grown 

 in Vermont, decreased in acreage from 28,353 in 1899 to 



26.859 in 1909, when the production was 4,145,630 

 bushels, valued at $1,743,049. The more important 

 of the other vegetables produced in 1909 were: 1,110 

 acres of sweet corn, valued at $35,650; 98 acres of cab- 

 bage, valued at $16,263; 29 acres of onions, valued at 

 $6,780; 64 acres of turnips, valued at $6,543; 18 acres 

 of tomatoes, valued at $4,236; 31 acres of cantaloupes 

 and muskmelons, valued at $4,082; 39 acres of green 

 peas, at $2,615; and 24 acres of beans, valued at $1,587. 



The acreage devoted to the production of flowers 

 and plants, decreased from 38 in 1899 to 23 in 1909. 

 The area under glass in 1909 was 178,199 square feet, 

 of which 162,339 were covered by greenhouses, and 



15.860 by sashes and frames. The value of the flowers 

 and plants produced in 1909 was $78,726, as compared 

 with $58,575 in 1899. 



Nursery products decreased in acreage from 74 in 

 1899 to 37 in 1909. The value of the nursery products 

 in 1909 was $11,014, while their value in 1899 was 

 $49,625. M. B. CUMMINGS. 



Massachusetts. 



The horticultural interests of Massachusetts (Fig. 

 2490) are fully equal to those of agriculture proper, 

 when one considers the production of fruits, vegetables, 

 flowers, and the labor and expense applied to the growth 

 of ornamental trees, shrubs and plants and their use in 

 decorating the homes, among which there are probably 

 more comfortable, well-kept and beautiful homes than 

 can be found in any similar area in the world. The peo- 

 ple of this state probably consume more of the luxuries 

 of life than any other people on the same area, and 



